The Occurrence of Rare Earth and Radioactive Elements in the Associated Minerals with Raw Coal by EDX-SEM and XRD

Rui-lin YANG; Yan BAI

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201811210125

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2019 > 38(4): 382-393. > DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201811210125

Rui-lin YANG, Yan BAI. The Occurrence of Rare Earth and Radioactive Elements in the Associated Minerals with Raw Coal by EDX-SEM and XRD[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2019, 38(4): 382-393. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201811210125

Citation:

PDF (53086 KB)

The Occurrence of Rare Earth and Radioactive Elements in the Associated Minerals with Raw Coal by EDX-SEM and XRD

Rui-lin YANG^1,,
Yan BAI²

1.
Center of Analysis and Test, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
2.
Laboratory 213 of Shanxi Geology Mineral Bureau, Linfen 041000, China

More Information

Received Date: November 11, 2018
Revised Date: March 10, 2019
Accepted Date: April 08, 2019
Published Date: June 30, 2019

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) Further method standardization of studying the occurrence of rare earth and radioactive elements in raw coal.

(2) Back scattered electron imaging and EDS-point were used to improve the sensitivity of rare earth and radioactive elements in raw coal.

(3) Illustration of the occurrences of six rare earth elements and one radioactive element in raw coal from the Huoxi coalfield.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDThe study on the occurrences of rare earth and radioactive elements in raw coal is of great significance in terms of whether the raw coal is concentrated or dispersed, the emission of fly ash is intercepted, and the rare earth elements (REEs) and radioactive elements are extracted from raw coal or fly ash. Previous studies showed that the occurrences of rare earth and radioactive elements in raw coal of various mining areas are different.
OBJECTIVESTo study the occurrences of rare earth and radioactive elements in 175 coal samples from two mining areas in the Huoxi coalfield of Shanxi Province.
METHODSThe analysis region was located by back scattered electron imaging (BSEI), and the main associated minerals were determined by EDS-mapping and powder X-ray diffraction. The trace associated minerals were determined by BSEI and EDS-point methods.
RESULTSSix rare earth elements and a radioactive element were determined in the coal samples. Cerium, lanthanum and neodymium were associated with kaolinite minerals in the form of phosphate, partly occuring in minerals containing alumina or silicon oxide, and in carbon to a small degree. Yttrium and dysprosium existed independently in carbon in the form of phosphate or oxide, whereas scandium was found in zircon, and thorium is found in monazite.
CONCLUSIONSThe REE in the coal samples of the mining area were associated with other minerals in the form of fine-grained authigenic minerals, and a few occurred as independent minerals in carbon. The radioactive element thorium was associated with monazite.

FullText(HTML)

References (33)

References

Zielinski R A, Budahn J R.Radionuclides in fly ash and bottom ash:Improved characterization based on radiography and low energy gamma-ray spectrometry[J].Fuel, 1998, 77(4):259-267. doi: 10.1016/S0016-2361(97)00194-4

Kizilshtein L Y, Kholodkov Y I.Ecologically hazardous elements in coals of the Donets Basin[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 1999, 40:189-197. doi: 10.1016/S0166-5162(98)00068-8

Goodarzi F.Assessment of elemental content of milled coal, combustion residues, and stack emitted materials:Possible environmental effects for a Canadian pulverized coal-fired power plant[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2006, 65:17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2005.04.006

Flues M, Camargo I M C, Fiqueiredo F P M, et al.Evaluation of radionuclides concentration in Brazilian coals[J].Fuel, 2007, 86:807-812. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.09.013

Smolka-Danielowska D.Rare earth elements in fly ashes created during the coal burning process in certain coal-fired power plants operating in Poland-Upper Silesian industrial region[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010, 101:965-968. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.07.001

Seredin V V.Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposit[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 1996, 30:101-129. doi: 10.1016/0166-5162(95)00039-9

Seredin V V, Dai S.Coal deposits as potential alternative source of lanthanides and yttrium[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2012, 94:67-93. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2011.11.001

Dai S F, Jiang Y F, Ward C R, et al.Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the coal in the Guanbanwusu mine, Inner Mongolia, China:Further evidence for the existence of an Al (Ga and REE) ore deposit in the Jungar coalfield[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2012, 98:10-40. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2012.03.003

Seredin V V, Dai S F, Sun Y Z, et al.Coal deposits as promising sources of rare metals for alternative power and energy-efficient technologies[J].Applied Geochemistry, 2013, 31:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2013.01.009

Funaria V, Bokhari S N H, Vigliotti L, et al.The rare earth elements in municipal solid waste incinerators ash and promising tools for their prospecting[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 301:471-479. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.015

Zhang W C, Rezaee M, Bhagavatula A, et al.A review of the occurrence and promising recovery methods of rare earth elements from coal and coal by-products[J].International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2015, 35:295-330. doi: 10.1080/19392699.2015.1033097

Rozelle P L, Khadilkar A B, Pulati N, et al.A study on removal of rare earth elements from U.S. coal byproducts by ion exchange[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E, 2016, 3:6-17. doi: 10.1007/s40553-015-0064-7

Lin R H, Howard B H, Roth E A, et al.Enrichment of rare earth elements from coal and coal by-products by physical separations[J].Fuel, 2017, 200:506-520. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.096

赵志根, 唐修义, 李宝芳.淮南矿区煤的稀土元素地球化学[J].沉积学报, 2000, 18(3):453-459. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2000.03.022

Zhao Z G, Tang X Y, Li B F.Geochemistry of rare-earth elements of coal in Huainan mining area[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2000, 18(3):453-459. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2000.03.022

李大华, 胡礼忠, 陈坤, 等.中国西南煤中的稀土元素[J].中国煤田地质, 2002, 14(1):11-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2002.01.004

Li D H, Hu L Z, Chen K, et al.Rare-earth elements in coal of South-Western China[J].Coal Geology of China, 2002, 14(1):11-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2002.01.004

代世峰, 任德贻, 李生盛.华北若干晚古生代煤中稀土元素的赋存特征[J].地球学报, 2003, 24(3):273-278. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2003.03.013

Dai S H, Ren D Y, Li S S.Modes of occurrence of rare earth elements in some Late Paleozoic coals of North China[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 2003, 24(3):273-278. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2003.03.013

Lashari A A, Kazi T G, Ali J, et al.Evaluation of sequential extraction schemes for the ETAAS determination of cadmium concentrations in coal samples from the Thar Coalfield, Pakistan[J].Atomic Spectroscopy, 2018, 39(5):203-209.

姜尧发, 王西勃, 赵蕾.大屯矿区太原组煤中稀土元素的赋存特征[J].煤炭科学技术, 2006, 34(1):73-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2336.2006.01.022

Jiang Y F, Wang X B, Zhao L.Distribution characteristics of rare-earth element in coal of Taiyuan group in datum mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology, 2006, 34(1):73-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2336.2006.01.022

Dai S F, Zhao L, Peng S P, et al.Abundances and dis-tribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash from the Jungar Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2010, 81:320-332. doi: 10.1016/j.coal.2009.03.005

Moore F, Esmaeili A.Mineralogy and geochemistry of the coals from the Karmozd and Kiasar coal mines, Mazandaran Province, Iran[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2012, 96-97(4):9-21. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=c4ee6eb1106b752f5ead6963f950be71

赵明坤, 王海泉, 许军, 等.河南省二1煤层稀土元素赋存特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术, 2019, 47(2):176-180. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/mtkxjs201902029

Zhao M K, Wang H Q, Xu J, et al.Study on occurrence features of rare earth elements from Seam B1 in Henan Province[J].Coal Science and Technology, 2019, 47(2):176-180. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/mtkxjs201902029

Vassilev S V, Vassileva C G.Occurrence, abundance and origin of mineral in coals and coal ashes[J].Fuel Processing Technology, 1996, 48:85-106. doi: 10.1016/S0378-3820(96)01021-1

Dai S F, Zhao L, Hower J C, et al.Petrology, mineralogy, and chemistry of size-fractioned fly ash from the Jungar power plant, Inner Mongolia, China, with emphasis on the distribution of rare earth elements[J].Energy Fuel, 2014, 28:1502-1514. doi: 10.1021/ef402184t

焦汇胜, 李香庭.扫描电镜能谱仪及波谱仪分析技术[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社, 2011:76-80.

Jiao H S, Li X T.Analysis Technology in Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer and Spectrometer[M].Changchun:Northeast Normal University Press, 2011:76-80.

赵文宽.仪器分析实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2011:55-61.

Zhao W K.Instrumental Analysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2011:55-61.

胡勇平, 于学峰, 郑林伟, 等.高分辨扫描电镜和X射线能谱Mapping技术研究碲矿物的成分和形态特征[J].岩矿测试, 2015, 34(6):643-651. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2015.06.007

Hu Y P, Yu X F, Zheng L W, et al.Application of high-resolution scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscope mapping technique to study the composition and morphology of tellurium minerals[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2015, 34(6):643-651. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2015.06.007

王含, 周征宇, 钟倩, 等.电子微探针-X射线衍射-扫描电镜研究老挝石岩石矿物学特征[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(1):56-61. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.010

Wang H, Zhou Z Y, Zhong Q, et al.Study on petrological and mineralogical characteristics of Laos Stone by EMPA-XRD-SEM[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(1):56-61. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.010

刘亚非, 王立社, 魏小燕, 等.应用电子微探针-扫描电镜-拉曼光谱-电子背散射衍射研究一种未知Ti-Zr-U氧化物的矿物学特征[J].岩矿测试, 2016, 35(1):48-55. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.009

Liu Y F, Wang L S, Wei X Y, et al.Study on the mineralogical properties of an unknown Ti-Zr-U oxide using EMPA, SEM, Raman spectroscopy and EBSD techniques[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(1):48-55. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.009

李春辉, 宋党育, 宋播艺, 等.豫西裴沟矿二叠系构造煤中稀土元素分布与赋存特征[J].地球化学, 2017, 46(7):435-457. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqhx201704005

Li C H, Song D Y, Song B Y, et al.Distribution and occurrence of REE in the Permian tectonically deformed coals from the Peigou Mine, Western Henan Province[J].Geochimica, 2017, 46(7):435-457. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqhx201704005

林龙斌.河东煤田北部主采煤中稀土元素地球化学特征[J].中国煤炭地质, 2018, 30(11):18-23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2018.11.05

Lin L B.REE Geochemical features of main mineable coal seams in Northern Hedong Coalfield[J].Coal Geology of China, 2018, 30(11):18-23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2018.11.05

殷晓.扫描电镜能谱法测定独居石中铈、镧、钍等元素的含量[J].地质与资源, 2015, 24(5):501-506. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1947.2015.05.017

Yin X.Content determination of cerium, lanthanum, thorium and other elements in monazite with SEM-EDS analysis[J].Geology and Resources, 2015, 24(5):501-506. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1947.2015.05.017

沈明联, 杨瑞东.煤中稀土元素研究综述[J].中国煤炭地质, 2016, 28(9):18-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2016.09.04

Shen M L, Yang R D.Summarization of REE in coal[J].Coal Geology of China, 2016, 28(9):18-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2016.09.04

黄文辉, 久博, 李媛.煤中稀土元素分布特征及其开发利用前景[J].煤炭学报, 2019, 44(1):287-294. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/mtxb201901029

Huang W H, Jiu B, Li Y.Distribution characteristics of rare earth elements in coal and its prospects on development and exploitation[J].Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(1):287-294. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/mtxb201901029

[1]	WANG Fang, ZHU Dan, LU Li, WEI Jun-qi, PAN Shi-yang. Occurrence of Niobium and Rare Earth Elements in Related Ores by Electron Microprobe[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2021, 40(5): 670-679. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202006090086
[2]	WANG Guan, DAI Jie, WANG Kun-yang, YANG Yin, HU Zhi-zhong. Occurrence of Associated Elements in a Copper Mine by EDX-SEM[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2021, 40(5): 659-669. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202012240172
[3]	Zhi-gang WANG, Hong XIE, Xu YANG, Zhong-rong ZHOU. Stepwise Extraction Study on the Occurrence of Uranium in Tongren Bahuang Phosphorite, Guizhou[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2018, 37(3): 256-265. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201710310172
[4]	Jie DAI, Jin-sha XU, Gu DU, Kun-yang WANG. Analysis of the Occurrence of Platinum-Palladium and Precipitation Mechanism by SEM and EPMA in the Ni-Cu Sulphide Deposits from Yangliupin, Sichuan Province, China[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2015, 34(2): 161-168. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2015.02.002
[5]	Hai-xiang HU, Gui-qiang NIU, Hong-lan LIU, Hai-long LIU, Pan-zhi WANG. The Occurrence Characteristics of Gold in the Jiaojia Gold Deposit[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2013, 32(6): 931-937.
[6]	Jie DAI, Jin-sha XU, Xiao-dong PAN, Jing REN, Qian ZHANG. The Application of the Microbeam Analysis Technique in Associated Gold and Its Occurrence State[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2011, 30(6): 655-663.
[7]	JIN Shao-xiang. Determination of Occurrence States of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus in Wengfu Phosphorus Tailings by Chemical Phase Analysis[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2011, 30(3): 357-360.
[8]	WANG Denghong, LI Huaqin, QIN Yan, MEI Yuping, CHEN Zhenghui, QU Wenjun, WANG Yanbin, CAI Hong, GONG Shuqing, HE Xiaoping. Rockforming and Oreforming Ages of the Yaogangxian Tungsten Deposit of Hunan Province[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2009, 28(3): 201-208.
[9]	Study on Cobalt and Nickel Occurrence States in Complex Cobalt Ores[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2000, (1): 42-44.
[10]	Use of Phase Analysis to study the Occurrence of Platinum and Palladium[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 1994, (3): 185-188.