Accumulation and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments from Typical Estuaries in Hainan Island

YANG Jianzhou; MA Shengming; WANG Zhenliang; BIAN Yuan; GONG Jingjing; GAO Jianweng; ZHAO Jinhua; HU Shuqi; TANG Shixin

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202112210205

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2022 > 41(4): 621-631. > DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202112210205

YANG Jianzhou, MA Shengming, WANG Zhenliang, BIAN Yuan, GONG Jingjing, GAO Jianweng, ZHAO Jinhua, HU Shuqi, TANG Shixin. Accumulation and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments from Typical Estuaries in Hainan Island[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2022, 41(4): 621-631. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202112210205

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Accumulation and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments from Typical Estuaries in Hainan Island

YANG Jianzhou^{1, 2,},
MA Shengming^{1, 2},
WANG Zhenliang^{1, 2, ,},
BIAN Yuan³,
GONG Jingjing^{1, 2},
GAO Jianweng^{1, 2},
ZHAO Jinhua⁴,
HU Shuqi^{1, 2},
TANG Shixin^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Langfang 065000, China
3.
The First Geological Survey of Jilin Province, Changchun 130033, China
4.
Changsha Mineral Resources Supervision and Inspection Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changsha 410007, China

More Information

Received Date: December 20, 2021
Revised Date: January 24, 2022
Accepted Date: March 11, 2022
Available Online: September 08, 2022

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) The correlation coefficient and enrichment factors indicate that heavy metals in the sediments of the Changhua, Luodai, and Sanya River estuaries were mainly determined by the geological background.

(2) The composition of PAHs in the sediments indicates that they originated mostly from the low-temperature combustion of biomass.

(3) Risk assessment shows that heavy metals and PAHs in the estuary sediments of the Changhua, Luodai, and Sanya Rivers have low ecological risk.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the ecological research focus because of their teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. Hainan Island is China's first ecological civilization pilot area, and the continuous acceleration of urbanization will increase the pressure on environmental protection in the estuary area. The Changhua River, the Luodai River, and the Sanya River are important seagoing rivers in Hainan Island. At present, there is a lack of reports on heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Changhua and Luodai Rivers, and there are differences in the related research results of the Sanya River.
OBJECTIVES
To understand the characteristics, source, and ecological risk of heavy metals and PAHs in surface sediments from the estuary of the Changhua, Luodai, and Sanya Rivers in Hainan Island.
METHODS
Sediment samples from the three estuaries were collected. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry (ICP-MS/OES) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry were used to determine the content of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the content of PAHs. Source apportionment was further explored based on the correlation analysis and composition of the contaminants, and the ecological risk evaluation was carried out with the potential ecological risk index (PERI) and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs).
RESULTS
The average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sediments of Changhua River were 3.24, 0.03, 7.03, 5.33, 0.007, 3.06, 16.9, and 14.1mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding values of these metals in Luodai River were 4.81, 0.02, 7.69, 4.56, 0.010, 3.29, 18.3, and 14.7mg/kg, and the corresponding values in Sanya River were 5.83, 0.05, 15.3, 8.28, 0.021, 4.91, 21.4, and 29.8mg/kg. Exception to As, the concentration of other heavy metals in the sediments were below or close to the Hainan soil baseline, showing little heavy metals accumulation effect. The contents of PAHs in the sediment range from 3.48 to 56.6μg/kg, from 8.72 to 56.8μg/kg, and from 6.41 to 573.9μg/kg for the Changhua, Luodai, and Sanya River, respectively. Compared with other regions, the sediment PAHs content in the study area was relatively low.
CONCLUSIONS
Arsenic in the estuarine sediments of the three rivers and Cd, Cu in the Sanya River are strongly influenced by anthropogenic factors, while the regional background mainly influences the remaining elements. PAHs originated mostly from the low-temperature combustion of biomass. The ecological risk evaluation demonstrates that the biotoxic effect of the heavy metals and PAHs is not obvious, mostly with low ecological risk. The present study on heavy metals and PAHs contamination in surface sediments of the three estuaries will provide a reference for future research.

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References (36)

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Accumulation and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments from Typical Estuaries in Hainan Island