Migration Characteristics and Environmental Quality Assessment of Heavy Metal Elements in the Rock-Soil System in Qiongzhong, Hainan Island

ZHAO Hongkun; TANG Shixin; FU Yangang; LAN Ruixuan; ZHAO Keqiang; LI Xiaodong; MA Shengming

doi:10.15898/j.ykcs.202308040122

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2024 > 43(1): 137-151. > DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202308040122

ZHAO Hongkun，TANG Shixin，FU Yangang，et al. Migration Characteristics and Environmental Quality Assessment of Heavy Metal Elements in the Rock-Soil System in Qiongzhong, Hainan Island[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis，2024，43（1）：137−151. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202308040122

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Migration Characteristics and Environmental Quality Assessment of Heavy Metal Elements in the Rock-Soil System in Qiongzhong, Hainan Island

1.
Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
2.
China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3.
Langfang Luyuan Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang 065000, China

More Information

Received Date: August 03, 2023
Revised Date: December 20, 2023
Accepted Date: January 15, 2024
Available Online: January 17, 2024

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) The chemical composition and quantitative migration of elements in the rock-soil system reveal the activity characteristics of heavy metal elements.

(2) The surface migration characteristics of heavy metal elements provide a research basis for environmental and ecological effect evaluation studies.

(3) Multiple indicators and evaluation criteria show that the topsoil environment in Qiongzhong, Hainan Island is generally clean, providing a research case support for the green development and utilization of local land resources.

ABSTRACT

The rock-soil system is an important component of the Earth’s critical zone, but there are few detailed studies on different soil systems in Hainan Island. To clarify migration characteristics and environmental quality, three typical adamellite soil profiles and 7115 topsoil samples were collected from Qiongzhong, Hainan Island. The heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Hg in rocks and soils were determined by ICP-MS/OES or AFS. Comprehensive evaluation shows that although heavy metal elements in the rock-soil system of the Qiongzhong research area exhibit diverse migration patterns and enrichment or deficiency characteristics, the overall environmental quality of the topsoil is relatively clean, with weak ecological risks. Different evaluation criteria and methods will lead to different evaluation results. It is suggested that a variety of evaluation methods and standards are adopted to carry out comprehensive evaluation in order to obtain more real, objective, and accurate evaluation results. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202308040122.
- rock-soil system,
- heavy metal elements,
- ICP-MS/OES,
- AFS,
- mass transfer,
- environmental quality,
- ecological risk assessment,
- Qiongzhong (Hainan Island)
BRIEF REPORT
Significance: A large area of intrusive rocks are exposed in Hainan Island, more than 90% of which are monzonitic granite, syenogranite and granodiorite. The study area of Qiongzhong is located in the middle of Hainan Island. Taking the monzonitic granite geological formation as an example, the distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal elements in the rock-soil system and the environmental quality of the surface soil are identified, which is of great significance for the correct understanding of the geochemical characteristics of Qiongzhong region. It is suggested that a variety of evaluation methods and standards should be used to evaluate the heavy metal element pollution status. In addition, the distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal elements in the rock-soil system of other geological formation types such as syenite-granite still need to be summarized. The migration and evolution mechanism of heavy metal elements in rock-soil system is very complex and needs to be further studied.

Methods: Three typical adamellite soil profiles and 7115 topsoil samples were collected from Qiongzhong, Hainan Island (Fig.1). The heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As and Hg in rocks and soils were determined by ICP-MS/OES or AFS. An elemental mass migration coefficient was used to study the migration characteristics of heavy metals, and the environmental quality of topsoil were evaluated according to the “Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land” (GB 15618—2018), Nemerow index and potential ecological hazard index.

Data and Results: The heavy metal elements in the adamellite rock-soil system exhibited distinct differentiation characteristics, as shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3. The contents of eight heavy metals in the rock-soil system of Qiongzhong, Hainan Island varied with soil depth. The ranges of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg were 1.6 to 9.5, 16 to 49, 29 to 98, 5.8 to 40, 2.4 to 17, 0.02 to 0.08, 0.6 to 12.7, and 0.002 to 0.061mg/kg, respectively. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Cd were predominantly deficient, and most of their mass migration coefficients were less than 0. In contrast, As was enriched, and most of its mass migration coefficient was greater than 0. Hg exhibited different enrichment or deficiency characteristics, and As and Hg were particularly enriched in the surface layer.　　The majority of heavy metal element concentrations of topsoil samples in Qiongzhong were lower than the screening values of soil environmental quality standard (GB 15618—2018). The Nemerow index method and potential ecological hazard index method highlighted the need to pay attention to Cr, Ni, and As pollution, as well as the ecological hazards posed by Hg, As, and Cd when the background values of Qiongzhong and Hainan Island were used as evaluation criteria. When soil environmental quality was taken as the evaluation standard, the overall environmental quality of the topsoil was relatively clean, with weak ecological risk. Different evaluation criteria and methods can lead to different evaluation results. It is suggested that a variety of evaluation methods and standards are adopted to carry out comprehensive evaluation in order to obtain more real, objective and accurate evaluation results. Refer to Tables 4, Tables 5, and Tables 7 for detailed data.

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Migration Characteristics and Environmental Quality Assessment of Heavy Metal Elements in the Rock-Soil System in Qiongzhong, Hainan Island