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ZHANG Sai, YU Yang, WANG Deng-hong, WANG Wei, ZHANG Hong-guo, CEN Kuang. Forms Distribution of Heavy Metals and Their Ecological Risk Evaluation in Soils of Ion Adsorption Type in the Rare Earth Mining Area of Southern Jiangxi, China[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 726-738. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201911050152
Citation: ZHANG Sai, YU Yang, WANG Deng-hong, WANG Wei, ZHANG Hong-guo, CEN Kuang. Forms Distribution of Heavy Metals and Their Ecological Risk Evaluation in Soils of Ion Adsorption Type in the Rare Earth Mining Area of Southern Jiangxi, China[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 726-738. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201911050152
shu

Forms Distribution of Heavy Metals and Their Ecological Risk Evaluation in Soils of Ion Adsorption Type in the Rare Earth Mining Area of Southern Jiangxi, China

  • 1. Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;

  • 2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100084, China;

  • 3. Scientific Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Sichuan Exploration Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610036, China;

  • 4. Sichuan Huadi Exploration Co., LTD, Chengdu 610200, China

More Information
  • Received Date: November 04, 2019
  • Revised Date: February 27, 2020
    Abstract
  • BACKGROUND: The open-pit mining of rare earth mines easily causes heavy metal pollution problems. Studies have shown that the soil of the rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi has been polluted by heavy metals of Cd and Pb in low and moderate degrees. Environmental quality assessment usually uses pollution factors (total heavy metal content) as indicators of the degree of pollution, which can only reflect the degree of enrichment of heavy metals.
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the forms of heavy metals in the soil of the rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi Province, migration ability and bioavailability.
    METHODS: Based on the forms analysis of soil heavy metals measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the ecological risk of soil heavy metals in the rare earth mining area was evaluated using the geoaccumulation index method, potential ecological hazard index method and RAC risk assessment.
    RESULTS: The heavy metals in the soil in the study area mainly existed in the residual form, accounting for 65.5% of the total. The average content of Cd and Pb in the soil samples was 1.72 times and 2.14 times the soil background value of Jiangxi Province, respectively. The average value of Cd in the soil in the farmland along the river downstream of the mine and the average value of Pb in the farmland near the tailing pond were 2.33 times and 3.06 times background value, respectively. The Cd or Pb content of the 22.7% samples exceeded the risk screening value. Among them, the exchangeable form of Cd and Pb accounted for 47.1% and 13.5% of the total amount, respectively, secondary to the residual form. Geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk assessment results show that the accumulation degree and ecological risk level of Cd and Pb were higher, and Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn were lower. RAC risk assessment results show that Cd ecological risk was higher, whereas Co, Zn, and Pb was medium and Cu and Ni was low. Although the focal point and some results of the three evaluation methods were also different, the comprehensive conclusion showed that the soil Cd pollution and migration activities in the mining area were high, and the ecological risk was high.
    CONCLUSIONS: The research results provide scientific basis for identifying the potential environmental risks of farmland soil in rare earth mining areas and propose effective prevention, emergency response and mitigation procedures.
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