Determination of Cadmium in Soil Samples by ICP-MS/MS Using Oxygen Reaction Mode

ZHAO Zhi-fei; REN Xiao-rong; LI Ce; GUO Zhao; SONG Juan-e; GONG Hua

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202003150034

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2021 > 40(1): 95-102. > DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202003150034

ZHAO Zhi-fei, REN Xiao-rong, LI Ce, GUO Zhao, SONG Juan-e, GONG Hua. Determination of Cadmium in Soil Samples by ICP-MS/MS Using Oxygen Reaction Mode[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2021, 40(1): 95-102. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202003150034

Citation:

PDF (1345 KB)

Determination of Cadmium in Soil Samples by ICP-MS/MS Using Oxygen Reaction Mode

1.
Agilent Technologies(China) Co., LTD, Beijing 100102, China
2.
Hubei Geological Research Laboratory, Wuhan 430022, China
3.
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China

More Information

Received Date: March 14, 2020
Revised Date: April 16, 2020
Accepted Date: August 23, 2020
Published Date: January 27, 2021

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) Directly analysis ¹¹¹Cd in soil samples by triple quadrupole ICP-MS oxygen reaction mode.

(2) Optimized oxygen flow rate at 0.45mL/min, the interference of 2000μg/L Zr solution and 1000μg/L Mo solution to cadmium can be reduced to less than 0.005μg/L.

(3) The method detection limit is 0.003μg/g, which can meet the trace cadmium analysis in soil samples.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDWhen using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze soil, the zirconium hydroxide, molybdenum oxide, and tin isotopes can cause serious interference on cadmium, which makes it difficult to accurately determine cadmium in soil samples.
OBJECTIVESTo develop a method for accurate determination of Cd in soil samples.
METHODSICP-MS/MS was used, and ¹¹¹Cd without isobaric interference was selected as the analysis line. In MS/MS mode, the oxygen introduced into the collision reaction cell can be reacted with ¹¹¹Zr¹⁶O¹H⁺, ¹¹¹Mo¹⁶O⁺, inducing electron transfer, dehydrogenation, oxygenation and other reactions to inhibit the overlapping interference of these polyatomic ions on ¹¹¹Cd.
RESULTSOxygen flow was the key factor in this method. 0.45mL/min oxygen flow can reduce oxide interference to less than 0.005μg/L when zirconium concentration was lower than 2000μg/L and molybdenum concentration was below 1000μg/L. The method has been verified by the national reference materials. The relative error of the measured value and recognized value of the 11 national reference materials was within ±7%, and the relative standard deviation (n=12) of three soil reference materials was less than 5%.
CONCLUSIONSTriple quadrupole ICP-MS oxygen reaction mode can eliminate Zr and Mo polyatomic ion interference on Cd, and this method can be used for the determination of trace Cd in soil samples.
- soil,
- cadmium,
- oxygen reaction mode,
- polyatomic ion,
- triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

FullText(HTML)

References (34)

References

邵文军, 张激光, 刘晶晶. 石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定岩石和土壤中痕量镉[J]. 岩矿测试, 2008, 27(4): 310-312. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/id/ykcs_200804102

Shao W J, Zhang J G, Liu J J. Determination of trace cadmium in rocks and soil by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2008, 27(4): 310-312. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/id/ykcs_200804102

何恬叶, 张颖红, 胡子文. 微波消解ICP-OES法测定土壤样品中22种元素[J]. 分析试验室, 2018, 37(1): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FXSY201801018.htm

He T Y, Zhang Y H, Hu Z W. Determination of 22 elements in soil by ICP-OES with microwave digestion[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2018, 37(1): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FXSY201801018.htm

张更宇, 刘伟, 崔世荣, 等. 分类消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境土壤中15种金属元素的含量[J]. 理化检验(化学分册), 2018, 54(4): 428-432. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LHJH201804014.htm

Zhang G Y, Liu W, Cui S Y, et al. Determination of 15 metal elements in soil by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B: Chemical Analysis), 2018, 54(4): 428-432. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LHJH201804014.htm

乔军, 佟克兴, 李安. 电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定葡萄酒中的铜、镉、铅[J]. 中国无机分析化学, 2017, 7(4): 33-36. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WJFX201704007.htm

Qiao J, Tong K X, Li A. Determination of copper, cadmium, lead in wine by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2017, 7(4): 33-36. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WJFX201704007.htm

宋阳, 李现忠, 黄文氢, 等. ICP-MS技术在石油化工中的应用[J]. 石油化工, 2016, 45(10): 1279-1287. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYHG201610025.htm

Song Y, Li X Z, Huang W Q, et al. Application of ICP-MS in petrochemical industry[J]. Petrochemical Technology, 2016, 45(10): 1279-1287. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYHG201610025.htm

赵志南, 严冬, 何群华, 等. ICP-MS测定《全国土壤污染状况详查》项目中14种元素[J]. 环境化学, 2017, 36(2): 448-452. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJHX201702028.htm

Zhao Z N, Yan D, He Q H, et al. Determination of 14 elements in China Soil Pollution Survey by ICP-MS[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2017, 36(2): 448-452. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJHX201702028.htm

张保科, 温宏利, 王蕾, 等. 封闭压力酸溶-盐酸提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中的多元素[J]. 岩矿测试, 2011, 30(6): 737-744. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/id/ykcs_20110615

Zhang B K, Wen H L, Wang L, et al. Determination of multiple elements in geological samples by closed pressure acid solution-hydrochloric acid extraction inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2011, 30(6): 737-744. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/id/ykcs_20110615

戴冠苹, 高敬铭, 张红云, 等. ICP-MS和GFAAS测定粮食中镉的对比研究[J]. 粮油食品科技, 2018, 26(4): 36-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYKJ201804009.htm

Dai G P, Gao J M, Zhang H Y, et al. Comparative study on the determination of cadmium in grain by ICP-MS and GFAAS[J]. Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods, 2018, 26(4): 36-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYKJ201804009.htm

徐迪伟, 陈荣乐. ICP-MS检测饮用水中31种元素的方法研究[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2018, 27(19): 2761-2764. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWJZ201719006.htm

Xu D W, Chen R L. Study on the determination of 31 metal elements in drinking water by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2018, 27(19): 2761-2764. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWJZ201719006.htm

鲁淼娟, 凌飞, 柳展飞. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中20种金属元素[J]. 能源环境保护, 2016, 30(4): 56-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYBH201606016.htm

Lu M J, Ling F, Liu Z F. Study on determination of 20 kinds of elements in the water by ICP-MS[J]. Energy Environmental Protection, 2016, 30(4): 56-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYBH201606016.htm

王静, 王鑫, 耿哲, 等. 碰撞池-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定海水重金属[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(4): 2139-2143. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJJZ201604089.htm

Wang J, Wang X, Geng Z, et al. Determination of heavy metal in marine waters by collision cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(4): 2139-2143. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJJZ201604089.htm

王佳翰, 冯俊, 王达成, 等. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学样品中钼镉钨铀锡[J]. 冶金分析, 2017, 37(6): 20-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJFX201706004.htm

Wang J H, Feng J, Wang D C, et al. Determination of molybdenum, cadmium, tungsten, uranium and tin in geochemical samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Metallurgical Analysis, 2017, 37(6): 20-25. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJFX201706004.htm

李刚, 曹小燕. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中锗和镉的干扰及校正[J]. 岩矿测试, 2008, 27(3): 197-200. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/id/ykcs_20080369

Li G, Cao X Y. Interference and its elimination in determination of germanium and cadmium in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2008, 27(3): 197-200. http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/id/ykcs_20080369

孙朝阳, 董利明, 贺颖婷, 等. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中钪镓锗铟镉铊时的干扰及其消除方法[J]. 理化检验(化学分册), 2016, 52(9): 1026-1030. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LHJH201609007.htm

Sun Z Y, Dong L M, He Y T, et al. Interference and elimination method of Sc, Ga, Ge, In, Cd, Tl in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B: Chemical Analysis), 2016, 52(9): 1026-1030. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LHJH201609007.htm

常学东. ICP-MS方法测定镉的干扰现象分析[J]. 新疆有色金属, 2011(6): 47-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJYS201106018.htm

Chang X D. Analysis of interference phenomena in determination of cadmium by ICP-MS method[J]. Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals, 2011(6): 47-49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJYS201106018.htm

罗策, 雷小燕, 黄永红, 等. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锆及锆合金中镉含量的质谱干扰分析[J]. 分析科学学报, 2016, 32(4): 515-519. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FXKX201604015.htm

Luo C, Lei X Y, Huang Y H, et al. Determination of cadmium in zirconium and zirconium alloys by ICP-MS[J]. Journal of Analytical Science, 2016, 32(4): 515-519. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FXKX201604015.htm

靳兰兰, 王秀季, 李会来, 等. 电感耦合等离子体质谱技术进展及其在冶金分析中的应用[J]. 冶金分析, 2016, 36(7): 1-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJFX201607001.htm

Jin L L, Wang X J, Li H L, et al. Progress in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technology and its application in metallurgical analysis[J]. Metallurgical Analysis, 2016, 36(7): 1-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJFX201607001.htm

Jackson S L, Spence J, Janssen D J, et al. Determination of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in seawater using offline extraction and triple quadrupole ICP-MS/MS[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2018, 33: 304-313. doi: 10.1039/C7JA00237H

Luo M Y, Xing S, Yang Y G, et al. Sequential analyses of actinides in large-size soil and sediment samples with total sample dissolution[J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2018, 187: 73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.028

Taylor V F, Li Z G, Sayarath V, et al. Distinct arsenic metabolites following seaweed consumption in humans[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 3920. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03883-7

Gondikas A, Kammer F, Kaegi R, et al. Where is the nano? Analytical approaches for the detection and quantification of TiO₂ engineered nanoparticles in surface waters[J]. Environmental Science Nano, 2018, 5: 313-326. doi: 10.1039/C7EN00952F

Thomas Z, Johan H K. Laser ablation Rb/Sr dating by online chemical separation of Rb and Sr in an oxygen-filled reaction cell[J]. Chemical Geology, 2016, 437: 120-133. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.05.027

Amr M A, Dawood N D A, Helal A I, et al. Rare earth elements and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio measurements using tandem ICP-CRC-MS/MS: Characterization of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L. )[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2017, 32: 1554-1565. doi: 10.1039/C7JA00126F

Pinheiro F C, Amaral C D B, Schiavo D, et al. Determination of arsenic in fruit juices using inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)[J]. Food Analytical Methods, 2017, 10(4): 992-998. doi: 10.1007/s12161-016-0663-7

Guo W, Jin L L, Hu S H, et al. Method development for the determination of total fluorine in foods by tandem ICP-mass spectrometry with mass-shift strategy[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65(16): 3406-3412. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00535

宋威, 胡长春. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中的镉[J]. 广州化工, 2018, 46(6): 95-96. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZHA201806035.htm

Song W, Hu C C. Determination of cadmium in soil by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2018, 46(6): 95-96. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZHA201806035.htm

乐淑葵, 段永梅. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤中的重金属元素[J]. 中国无机分析化学, 2015, 5(3): 16-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WJFX201503005.htm

Le S K, Duan Y M. Determination of heavy metal elements in soil by ICP-MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 5(3): 16-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WJFX201503005.htm

侯鹏飞, 江冶, 曹磊. 无高氯酸常压酸溶-ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中的As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni[J]. 地质学刊, 2019, 43(1): 166-170. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSDZ201901026.htm

Hou P F, Jiang Y, Cao L. Determination of As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ni in soil by ICP-MS method without perchloric acid[J]. Journal of Geology, 2019, 43(1): 166-170. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSDZ201901026.htm

李自强, 李小英, 钟琦, 等. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤重金属普查样品中铬铜镉铅的关键环节研究[J]. 岩矿测试, 2016, 35(1): 37-41. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.007

Li Z Q, Li X Y, Zhong Q, et al. Determination of Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb in soil samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for an investigation of heavy metal pollution[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2016, 35(1): 37-41. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.2016.01.007

王妃, 王德淑, 汤德能. 浅析锡对电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定镉的干扰[J]. 中国无机分析化学, 2015, 5(2): 12-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WJFX201502004.htm

Wang F, Wang D S, Tang D N. Study on interference of tin in the determination of cadmium by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 5(2): 12-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WJFX201502004.htm

禹莲玲, 郭斌, 柳昭, 等. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高锡地质样品中的痕量镉[J]. 岩矿测试, 2020, 39(1): 77-84. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201906270094

Yu L L, Guo B, Liu Z, et al. Trace cadmium in geological samples with high content of tin determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(1): 77-84. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201906270094

王岚, 杨丽芳, 谭西早, 等. 膜去溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定环境地质样品中的镉[J]. 岩矿测试, 2017, 36(6): 574-580. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201703130032

Wang L, Yang L F, Tan X Z, et al. Determination of cadmium in environmental geological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with desolvation[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2017, 36(6): 574-580. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201703130032

马晓龙, 李刚, 李艳, 等. 碰撞反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定锆基合金中痕量镉[J]. 理化检验(化学分册), 2014, 50(3): 345-348. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LHJH201403024.htm

Ma X L, Li G, Li Y, et al. Determination of trace cadmium in zirconium-based alloys by impact reactor inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B: Chemical Analysis), 2014, 50(3): 345-348. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LHJH201403024.htm

徐进力, 邢夏, 唐瑞玲, 等. 动能歧视模式ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中14种痕量元素[J]. 岩矿测试, 2019, 38(4): 394-402. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201812070131

Xu J L, Xing X, Tang R L, et al. Determination of 14 trace elements in geochemical samples by ICP-MS using kinetic energy discrimination mode[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2019, 38(4): 394-402. doi: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201812070131

Supplements (0)

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(21)

1.	赖靖，江丽，赵明珠，黄金路，陈久耿. 动态反应池电感耦合等离子体质谱（DRC-ICP-MS）法测定血清中钛含量. 中国无机分析化学. 2025(03): 340-345 .
2.	李文兴，陈久耿，王国庆. 快速消解-动态反应池电感耦合等离子体质谱（DRC-ICP-MS）法测定土壤中的汞. 中国无机分析化学. 2025(03): 315-322 .
3.	张宝锋，陈健松，金蓉，陈皓，吴蓝嘉，叶永根，余海霞，韩婕，陈峰. 三重四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中痕量磷的方法建立及在新安江水库的应用. 环境监控与预警. 2024(01): 46-50+86 .
4.	张良圣，常阳，谢灵扬，赵国英，张琪，张建新，梁潇，张彦辉. 氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂岩型铀矿样品中痕量镉. 世界核地质科学. 2024(01): 63-72 .
5.	许萍，柴爽爽，陈铭学，曾台楠，吴胜春，梁鹏. 电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(ICP-MS/MS)混合模式同时测定土壤中7种重金属元素. 中国无机分析化学. 2023(06): 543-548 .
6.	解魁，杨瑞春，马青青，廖兴广. 碰撞反应模式对ICP-MS/MS测定食品中二氧化钛含量的影响. 现代疾病预防控制. 2023(06): 419-423 .
7.	徐娜，肖石妹，杨相庚，李平，杨凯. 三重串联电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化钕中的痕量砷. 分析试验室. 2023(08): 1020-1025 .
8.	冯先进，杨斐. 电感耦合等离子体串联质谱技术特点及国内应用现状. 冶金分析. 2023(09): 1-13 .
9.	马晓敏，刘雷雷，禄妮，杨坤. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钛及钛合金中痕量汞和钇. 钛工业进展. 2023(05): 26-29 .
10.	刘跃，王记鲁，林冬，李静，王鑫. 氨气模式-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定土壤中镉的质谱干扰消除研究. 中国测试. 2023(10): 90-96 .
11.	徐燕，吴晶. 全自动石墨炉消解-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱测定土壤中的镉. 山东化工. 2023(17): 147-149 .
12.	李丽君，薛静. 微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高岭土中10种微量元素. 岩矿测试. 2022(01): 22-31 . 本站查看
13.	李爱阳，符靓，陈林. 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定植物精油中的重金属元素. 光谱学与光谱分析. 2022(04): 1162-1167 .
14.	李晓云，王羽，金婵，张林娟，王建强. 微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中8种金属元素. 岩矿测试. 2022(03): 374-383 . 本站查看
15.	张小毅. 高压密闭消解-ICP-MS测定钼矿石中镉量的测量不确定度评定. 广东化工. 2022(13): 194-196+174 .
16.	王艳萍，年季强，朱杰，荆淼. 三重四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定K417合金中痕量硒和镉. 冶金分析. 2022(07): 10-18 .
17.	张小毅，余蕾，刘军. 高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钼矿石中的镉. 广州化工. 2022(14): 126-128 .
18.	刘跃，王记鲁，李静，王鑫，林冬. 氧气反应模式-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定土壤中砷和硒. 冶金分析. 2022(10): 30-37 .
19.	刘跃，王记鲁，李静，王璐，王鑫. 氧气动态反应-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定土壤和沉积物中汞及其他6种元素的含量. 理化检验-化学分册. 2022(11): 1241-1248 .
20.	刘跃，林冬，王记鲁，李静，王鑫. 四种碰撞/反应模式-电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法测定土壤和水系沉积物样品中的银. 岩矿测试. 2022(06): 1017-1028 . 本站查看
21.	杨福强. 关于环境样品中重金属镉元素分析的研究进展. 江西化工. 2021(05): 50-52 .

Other cited types(0)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (4455) PDF downloads (51) Cited by(21)

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

ABSTRACT

References

Determination of Cadmium in Soil Samples by ICP-MS/MS Using Oxygen Reaction Mode

ABSTRACT

References

Cited by

Periodical cited type(21)

Other cited types(0)

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content