Occurrence State of Rare Earth Elements in the Paleo-Weathering Crust of the Tieling Formation, Northern Hebei Province by X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Probe Microanalysis

CHEN Haiyan; ZHANG Yunqiang; MAO Xiangju; LI Ruihong

doi:10.15898/j.ykcs.202312160183

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2024 > 43(6): 836-846. > DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202312160183

CHEN Haiyan，ZHANG Yunqiang，MAO Xiangju，et al. Occurrence State of Rare Earth Elements in the Paleo-Weathering Crust of the Tieling Formation, Northern Hebei Province by X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Probe Microanalysis[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis，2024，43（6）：836−846. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202312160183

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Occurrence State of Rare Earth Elements in the Paleo-Weathering Crust of the Tieling Formation, Northern Hebei Province by X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Probe Microanalysis

1.
Langfang Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China
2.
Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450006, China

More Information

Received Date: December 15, 2023
Revised Date: September 23, 2024
Accepted Date: October 14, 2024
Available Online: October 30, 2024
Published Date: October 30, 2024

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) The rare earth elements in the paleo-weathering crust of the Tieling Formation mainly exist in the mineral phase, with extremely low content of rare elements in the aqueous phase, ionic phase, and colloidal sedimentary phase.

(2) Light rare earth elements such as Ce, Nd, and Sm are partially present in anatase, leucoxene, and barite as structural elements, while the rest may exist as nanoscale particles on the surface of rutile and in a large amount of clay minerals.

(3) The extremely low levels of ionic rare earth elements may be attributed to the adsorption effects of clay minerals such as illite and mixed layers of illite and montmorillonite.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the discovered paleo-weathering crustal rare earth ores have the advantages of stability and easy mining. However, due to the low degree of research on their element occurrence state, the study of the enrichment mechanism of the deposits is restricted. In this paper, the occurrence state of rare earth elements in the paleo-weathering crust of the Tieling Formation was systematically studied by using the techniques of stepwise chemical extraction, X-ray diffraction, heavy minerals identification, and electron probe microanalysis. Stepwise chemical extraction shows that rare earth elements in the paleo-weathering crust mainly exist in mineral phases, accounting for about 99.38% of the total content. The rare earth elements in aqueous solution, ionic phase, and colloidal deposition phase account for 0.01%, 0.22% and 0.39%, respectively; X-ray diffraction analysis shows that a small amount of rare earth elements in the ionic adsorption state in the paleo-weathering crust samples may exist on the surface of clay minerals such as illite; electron probe microanalysis results show that the anatase, leucoxene and barite in the paleo-weathering crust samples contain about 0.1% of light rare earth elements such as Ce, Nd and Sm. In summary, it is preliminarily concluded that the main rare earth elements in the paleo-weathering crust exist in mineral phases, some of them exist in anatase, leucoxene and barite as similar images, and the rest may exist on the surface of anatase and a large number of clay minerals in nano-scale fine particles. A very small amount of ionic rare earth elements may be adsorbed on the surface of clay minerals such as illite and illite-smectite mixed layer. The content of rare earth elements in the water-soluble phase and colloidal sedimentary phase is very low. The study on the occurrence state of rare earth elements in the ancient weathering crust helps to optimize development and utilization technology and provides a theory for the selection and smelting utilization of rare earth resources.
- Tieling Formation,
- paleo-weathering crust,
- rare earth elements,
- occurrence,
- X-ray diffraction,
- electron probe microanalysis

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References (29)

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