Application of a SEM-EDS-Based Automated Process Mineralogy Analyzing System on the Occurrence State of Silver in Copper Ore Flotation Tailings

WEN Ligang; JIA Muxin; ZHAO Jianjun; WANG Qing; FU Qiang

doi:10.15898/j.ykcs.202310250165

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2024 > 43(3): 417-431. > DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202310250165

WEN Ligang，JIA Muxin，ZHAO Jianjun，et al. Application of a SEM-EDS-Based Automated Process Mineralogy Analyzing System on the Occurrence State of Silver in Copper Ore Flotation Tailings[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis，2024，43（3）：417−431. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202310250165

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Application of a SEM-EDS-Based Automated Process Mineralogy Analyzing System on the Occurrence State of Silver in Copper Ore Flotation Tailings

1.
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optimized Manufacturing in Mining & Metallurgy Process, BGRIMM Technology Group, Beijing 100160, China
2.
School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

More Information

Received Date: October 24, 2023
Revised Date: January 07, 2024
Accepted Date: April 14, 2024
Available Online: June 20, 2024

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) BPMA & SEM-EDS technology was used to investigate the mineral composition of the flotation tailings, characterize the particle (and/or grain) size distribution, mineral liberation and interlocking relationships of main copper sulfide minerals in the tailings, and quickly identify the types of silver minerals and occurrence characteristics of silver.

(2) The copper minerals in the flotation tailings are mainly chalcocite (Cu₂S) and bornite (Cu₅FeS₄), embedded with fine disseminated grain size and poor mineral liberation degree.

(3) The silver in the flotation tailings mainly occurs in native silver (Ag), argentite/acanthite (Ag₂S), naumannite (Ag₂Se), eucairite (CuAgSe), stromeyerite (AgCuS), and silver-bearing chalcocite [(Cu,Ag)₂S], accounting for 95.62%, 2.07%, 1.33%, 0.15%, 0.80%, and 0.03%, respectively. The silver-bearing minerals with uneven grain size distribution and relatively high degree of liberation, can be recovered with copper sulfides using the flotation method.

ABSTRACT

The silver occurrence state and process mineralogical characteristics are critical to its beneficiation process and recovery indicators, which can be used for assisting in process development, plant design, and improvement of silver recovery. In order to define the occurrence state of silver in copper ore flotation tailings with low-grade Ag 41.96g/g & Cu 0.44%, BGRIMM process mineralogy analyzing system (BPMA) with version 2.0 BPMA software, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were applied to investigate the copper mineralogical characteristics and silver occurrence state of the flotation tailings. The copper minerals in the tailings are mainly fine-grained and poorly liberated copper sulfide minerals; the silver mainly occurs as independent silver minerals, with high liberation and non-uniform grain size. The analytical results show that the BPMA & SEM-EDS in situ analysis method can serve as a technical reference for the study of the occurrence state and process mineralogy of rare precious metal elements. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202310250165.
- silver; occurrence state,
- process mineralogy,
- mineral particle size,
- mineral liberation,
- automated process mineralogy analyzing system
BRIEF REPORT
Significance: The occurrence state of elements and process mineralogical characteristics are critical to the availability of mineral resources, which is conducive to optimizing the ore extraction and smelting process and improving the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Due to the wide variety and low content of silver minerals, as well as their fine particle size, it is difficult to identify the occurrence state of silver. The traditional manual method, that is, mineral identification and parameter statistics mainly performed manually particle by particle, has limitations in investigating the occurrence characteristics of silver, which is difficult to effectively guide mineral processing production and greatly restricts the high-efficient utilization of mineral resources. We developed an in situ automated mineralogical analysis method of silver minerals in flotation tailings by SEM-EDS-based BPMA to give analytical technical support for the efficient utilization of silver resources. Our results indicate that the method can be used to find, identify and determine low-grade and fine-grained silver minerals in flotation tailings. It provides strong technical support for the study of the occurrence state and process mineralogy of rare precious metal elements.

Methods: The BPMA with version 2.0 BPMA software, which is a SEM-EDS-based automated mineralogy (AM) system, developed independently by BGRIMM Technology Group (China), was used to analyze the silver occurrence state and process mineralogical characteristics of low-grade flotation tailings (Ag 41.96g/g & Cu 0.44%) from a copper mine. The BPMA particle liberation analysis (BPLA) mode was applied to investigate the mineral composition, the particle (and/or grain) size distribution, and liberation and interlocking relationships of main copper sulfide minerals automatically. The BPMA specific particle liberation analysis (SPLA) mode was applied to find and identify silver-bearing minerals, and to determine their occurrence, mineral composition and size distribution of silver-bearing minerals in the tailings quickly and efficiently.

Data and Results: The results show that the copper minerals in the tailings are mainly chalcocite (Cu₂S), with 0.45%, followed by bornite (Cu₅FeS₄), with 0.09%, and trace chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂), which is less than 0.01%; silver mainly occurs in native silver (Ag), argentite/acanthite (Ag₂S), naumannite (Ag₂Se), eucairite (CuAgSe), stromeyerite (AgCuS), and silver-bearing chalcocite [(Cu,Ag)₂S], accounting for 95.62%, 2.07%, 1.33%, 0.15%, 0.80%, and 0.03%, respectively. The copper sulfide minerals are embedded with fine particle size (more than 90% of grains smaller than 20m) and poor mineral liberation degree (the mass of copper sulfide minerals monomer accounts for less than 20%; the mass of copper sulfide minerals with a liberation degree below 25% accounts for more than 64.60%), which is the main mineralogical factor affecting beneficiation indexes of copper. The grain size range of silver-bearing minerals in the tailings is wide, and the contents of coarse-grained (>74m), medium-grained (74−37m), fine-grained (37−10m) and micro-grained (<10m) silver-bearing minerals are 32.25%, 30.35%, 21.45%, and 15.96%, respectively. The silver-bearing minerals are highly liberated, the content of liberated silver-bearing mineral monomer is up to 88.28%, which can be recovered with copper sulfides using the flotation method. However, a small amount of silver-bearing minerals (1.30%) wrapped in gangue minerals such as quartz and calcite are difficult to recycle through flotation.

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References (58)

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