Determination of Carbofuran and 3-Hydroxycarbofuran in Groundwater by Small Volume Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with GC-MS

ZHOU Tian; LIU Fei

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202009050122

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2021 > 40(3): 358-364. > DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202009050122

ZHOU Tian, LIU Fei. Determination of Carbofuran and 3-Hydroxycarbofuran in Groundwater by Small Volume Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with GC-MS[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2021, 40(3): 358-364. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202009050122

Citation:

PDF (1644 KB)

Determination of Carbofuran and 3-Hydroxycarbofuran in Groundwater by Small Volume Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with GC-MS

ZHOU Tian,
LIU Fei^,

Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Received Date: September 04, 2020
Revised Date: November 19, 2020
Accepted Date: March 23, 2021
Published Date: May 27, 2021

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) Small volume liquid-liquid extraction can be used for the rapid extraction of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran.

(2) Small volume liquid-liquid extraction consumes less organic solvents and causes little environmental pollution.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDCarbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran are typical pesticides with the relationship of parent and metabolite. Due to high water solubility and toxicity, carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran can be transported through surface water or groundwater for long distances, causing harm to human health and environmental safety. In the past, carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran in samples were usually extracted by liquid or solid phase extraction. However, these methods are cumbersome to operate and time-consuming, which is not conducive to the detection of multiple sets of samples in indoor simulation experiments.
OBJECTIVESIn order to realize the rapid quantification of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran in groundwater.
METHODSA small volume liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment method was established for extraction, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect factors affecting the extraction efficiency of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran. To improve the extraction efficiency of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran, [JP] factors such as the type of extraction solvent, pH and dosage of NaCl were optimized.
RESULTSResults showed that the extraction efficiency of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran was highest when 1mL methylene chloride was selected as the extraction agent under pH=5, and 40g/L NaCl was added in the water samples. The extraction recoveries for carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were 75.1%-98.6% and 55.0%-66.3%, respectively. The performance evaluation results showed that the instrument precision and method precision meet test requirements (n=5, relative standard deviation < 10%). The detection limits of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran in water were 15.3μg/L and 10.2μg/L, respectively.
CONCLUSIONSThis method is simple and fast with less solvent. Compared with the traditional liquid-liquid extraction method, this method takes about 1/8 time of the former, and consumes about two orders of magnitude less solvent than the former, which can meet the needs of indoor simulation experiments.
- carbofuran,
- 3-hydroxycarbofuran,
- small volume liquid-liquid extraction,
- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

FullText(HTML)

References (23)

References

Donovan S, Taggart M, Richards N. An overview of the chemistry, manufacture, environmental fate and detection of carbofuran[M]//Richards N. Carbofuran and wildlife poisoning. 2011: 1-18.

聂荣荣, 何啸峰, 沈洁, 等. GC-MS法测定红薯中克百威和3-羟基克百威的残留量[J]. 食品安全导刊, 2019(3): 152-154. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPAQ201903150.htm

Nie R R, He X F, Shen J, et al. Determination of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran residues in sweet potatoes by GC-MS[J]. China Food Safety Magazine, 2019(3): 152-154. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SPAQ201903150.htm

杜秋红, 赵国宇, 李玉梅, 等. 呋喃丹特性及生物降解研究进展[J]. 北方园艺, 2010(14): 210-212. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BFYY201014085.htm

Du Q H, Zhao G Y, Li Y M, et al. Research of carbofuran characteristics and biodegradation[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2010(14): 210-212. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BFYY201014085.htm

Otieno P O, Lalah J O, Munir V, et al. Soil and water contamination with carbofuran residues in agricultural farmlands in Kenya following the application of the technical formulation Furadan[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 2010, 45(2): 137-144. doi: 10.1080/03601230903472058

王素利, 杨素萍, 刘丰茂, 等. 液相微萃取技术在农药残留分析中的应用研究进展[J]. 农药学学报, 2012, 14(5): 461-474. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7303.2012.05.01

Wang S L, Yang S P, Liu F M, et al. Review on the application of liquid phase microextraction in pesticide residue analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2012, 14(5): 461-474. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7303.2012.05.01

Mudiam M K R, Ch R, Saxena P N. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic approach for optimi-zation and toxicity evaluation of earthworm sub-lethal responses to carbofuran[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e81077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081077

Simone M G. Optimization and validation of liquid-liquid extraction with low temperature partitioning for determination of carbamates in water[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 671(1-2): 41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.003

杨清华, 史玉坤, 施逸岚, 等. 气相色谱-质谱联用测定蔬菜中克百威、三羟基克百威及丁硫克百威残留[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2017, 27(11): 1539-1541. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWJZ201711006.htm

Yang Q H, Shi Y K, Shi Y L, et al. Determination of the carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and carbosulfan residues in vegetables by gas chromatography mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2017, 27(11): 1539-1541. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWJZ201711006.htm

Otieno P O, Lalah J O, Virani M, et al. Carbofuran and its toxic metabolites provide forensic evidence for furadan exposure in vultures (gyps africanus) in Kenya[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010, 84(5): 536-544. doi: 10.1007/s00128-010-9956-5

Ma Q, Liu X L, Zhang Y. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles coated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and beta-cyclodextrin for magnetic solid-phase extraction of carbaryl and carbofuran[J]. Journal of Separation Science, 2020, 43(8): 1514-1522. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201900896

Zhang W, Li D, Xu Y, et al. Synthesis and application of novel molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction materials based on carbon nanotubes for determination of carbofuran in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019, 67(18): 5105-5112. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00967

Zhang C, He H, Yu J, et al. Residues of carbosulfan and its metabolites carbofuran and 3-hydroxy carbofuran in rice field ecosystem in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes, 2016, 51(6): 351-357. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1120606

李晓晶, 于鸿, 杨蓉, 等. 超声辅助分散液液微萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水中多种磺胺类抗生素残留[J]. 分析测试学报, 2016, 35(10): 1255-1260. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4957.2016.10.006

Li X J, Yu H, Yang R, et al. Ultrasound-assisted dispersion liquid-liquid microextraction/ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for detection of multiple sulfonamide antibiotic residues in water[J]. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2016, 35(10): 1255-1260. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4957.2016.10.006

王青. 超声辅助分散液-液微萃取/高效液相色谱联用测定环境水样中的有机污染物[D]. 兰州: 西北师范大学, 2013.

Wang Q. Determination of organic pollutants in environ-mental water by ultrasonication assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC[D]. Lanzhou: Northwest Normal University, 2013.

王世玉, 刘菲, 吴文勇, 等. 影响12种壬基酚同分异构体液液萃取效率的因素研究[J]. 岩矿测试, 2014, 33(4): 570-577. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-5357.2014.04.019

Wang S Y, Liu F, Wu W Y, et al. Study on impact factors of affecting liquid-liquid extraction efficiency of 12 nonylphenol isomers[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2014, 33(4): 570-577. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-5357.2014.04.019

Trotter D M, Kent R A, Wong M P. Aquatic fate and effect of carbofuran[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 1991, 21(2): 137-176. http://europepmc.org/abstract/AGR/IND91042211

李冠华, 沈彬, 张占恩. 液相微萃取GC/MS法测定甲霜灵、三唑酮和二甲戊灵[J]. 苏州科技学院学报(工程技术版), 2008(3): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZCJ200803011.htm

Li G H, Shen B, Zhang Z E. Determination of metalaxyl, triadimefon, pendimet in water using hollow fiber membrane liquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou(Engineering and Technology), 2008(3): 38-42. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZCJ200803011.htm

陈志岳. 分析工作中精密度、回收率和准确度的正确计算与表示[J]. 环保科技, 1984(1): 42-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZHB198401008.htm

Chen Z Y. Correct calculation and expression of precision, recovery rate and accuracy in analytical work[J]. Environmental Protection and Technology, 1984(1): 42-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZHB198401008.htm

罗俊凯. 丁硫克百威及其代谢产物在烟田中的残留和水解研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2014.

Luo J K. The residue and hydrolysis of carbosulfan and its metabolites in tobacco field[D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2014.

林国斌, 林麟, 杨艳. 化学污染物监测中方法检出限及其确定方法[J]. 海峡预防医学杂志, 2011, 17(2): 61-63. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYF201102038.htm

Lin G B, Lin L, Yang Y. Detection limits and determination methods of chemical pollutant monitoring[J]. Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2011, 17(2): 61-63. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYF201102038.htm

杨丽莉, 胡恩宇, 母应锋, 等. 水中呋喃丹气相色谱-质谱的测定方法研究[J]. 中国环境监测, 2007, 23(2): 16-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-IAOB200702003.htm

Yang L L, Hu E Y, Mu Y F, et al. Determination of carbofuran in water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2007, 23(2): 16-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-IAOB200702003.htm

侯宪文, 李勤奋, 邓晓, 等. 高效液相色谱法分析丁硫克百威及其降解产物[J]. 农药, 2009, 48(9): 654-655. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYZZ200909010.htm

Hou X W, Li Q F, Deng X, et al. Analysis of carbofuran and its degradation products by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Agrochemicals, 2009, 48(9): 654-655. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYZZ200909010.htm

白雪媛. 地下水中82种农药测试方法开发与应用[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2017.

Bai X Y. Development and application for test method of 82 kinds of pesticides in groundwater[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2017.

[1]	LI Chaoqun, LI Lixiang, REN Yingjun, ZHAO Jinhua, HUANG Gang, ZHOU Shiyang, LIU Liping, JIANG Jingsi, LIANG Feng. Determination of 35 Antibiotics in Surface Water by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Online Solid-Phase Extraction and Large-Volume Injection[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2024, 43(6): 945-956. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202404050076
[2]	Jing JIA, Zhi-peng YANG. Determination of 1,4-dioxane in Groundwater by Purge and Trap-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2014, 33(4): 556-560.
[3]	haiying Zuo, lin Zhang, fei Liu. Determination of Herbicide Residues in Groundwaters Using Liquid/Liquid Extraction and Off-line Purification with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2014, 33(1): 96-101.
[4]	ZHANG Dao-lai, LIN Xue-hui, ZHOU Ming, CHEN Jun-hui, YANG Bai-juan, XIA Ning, WANG Xiao-ru. Determination of Six Phthalate Ester Contaminants in Asterias rollestoni Bell Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2012, 31(1): 159-165.
[5]	WANG Yu, LIU Cong, CHEN Shun-cong, WU Yan-wen. Preliminary Identification for Different Quality of Musks by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2011, 30(1): 59-62.
[6]	LI Song, RAO Zhu, SONG Shu-ling, TIAN Qin, ZHAO Wei. Application of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Groundwater Analysis[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2010, 29(5): 518-522.
[7]	WANG Na, WANG Hai-jiao, WANG Yin-fu, LI Li-jun. Determination of 9 Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples by Liquid-liquid Extraction-Gas Chromatography[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2010, 29(5): 497-502.
[8]	LI Qingxia, LIU Yaxuan, CHEN Weiming, ZHANG Qin. Determination of 18 Organochlorine Pesticides in Soils by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Microwave assisted Extraction[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2010, 29(2): 118-122.
[9]	Determination of Deca Brominated Diphenyl Ether in Soil Sample by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2008, 27(4): 274-278.
[10]	Establishment of the Chromatographic Fingerprint of Industrial 3, 5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Spectrometry[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2007, 26(2): 81-86.

Supplements (0)

Cited By

Cited by

Periodical cited type(5)

1.	蔡宁波，王琳霖，鲍一遥，李怡普，万泽鑫，康志梅，罗胜元. 中扬子地台宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组优质页岩储层发育特征及天然气富集机理研究. 中国地质. 2025(01): 111-130 .
2.	石阳志，季永承，何叶，周芸，陈美军，江铭. 太阳浅层页岩气田有机碳含量预测及其影响因素分析. 能源与环保. 2024(01): 183-192 .
3.	马超，黄晓依，高胜天，刘鑫，王诚. 核磁共振技术在致密岩心孔隙量化表征中的应用. 中国科技论文. 2024(05): 540-546+574 .
4.	赵肖飞，李王鹏，葛勋，李沛，葛小瞳，刘雅利，吴海光，吕修祥. 松辽盆地北部林甸地区青山口组一段页岩储层特征及主控因素. 东北石油大学学报. 2024(06): 31-48+143-144 .
5.	田冲，李怡，黎丁源，张伟，钟可塑，周尚文，罗超，江文滨，李度，何亮，杨雪. 页岩储层孔隙度测定方法优选与推荐. 天然气工业. 2023(06): 57-65 .

Other cited types(1)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (2665) PDF downloads (35) Cited by(6)

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

ABSTRACT

References

Determination of Carbofuran and 3-Hydroxycarbofuran in Groundwater by Small Volume Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with GC-MS