火焰原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硫化矿中的银铜铅锌

胡健平; 王日中; 杜宝华; 盛迪波; 罗志翔

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201706270110

火焰原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硫化矿中的银铜铅锌

Determination of Silver, Copper, Lead and Zinc in Sulfide Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry

摘要

摘要: 过渡金属Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Pb等及贵金属元素（铂族元素和Au、Ag）高度富集在硫化物中，尤其是富集在岩浆硫化物中，常形成具有工业开采价值的矿产，因而硫化物矿物具有重大的经济价值。而硫化物矿种类多，不同类型硫化物矿中Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn含量高低不同，有些被强酸分解不完全，产生沉淀，导致检测结果波动性较大、精密度偏低。本文针对含黄铁矿、铅和铜分别以方铅矿和黄铜矿形式存在的较难溶的硫化物矿，在矿样中先加盐酸加热除硫后，再用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸三种强酸分解，以新配制的王水提取，使该类样品获得了理想的分解效果，特别是对银、铅含量较高的样品分解效果改善较显著。试液用火焰原子吸收光谱和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱都能准确测定Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn，两种方法的相对误差在±2.32%以内，测定值基本一致，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=12）均小于3.5%，四个元素的检出限均低于0.0090 μg/mL，低于文献检出限。

Abstract:
BACKGROUNDThe transition metals copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead and the noble metal elements (the platinum family elements gold, and silver) are highly enriched in sulfide minerals, especially in magmatic sulfides. Sulfides commonly form large ore deposits of industrial significance, which makes sulfide minerals of great economic value. There are many kinds of sulfide ores, and the contents of Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn in different types of sulfide ores vary. Some sulfide ores cannot be decomposed completely by strong acid and therefore precipitation forms, resulting in large errors and low precision.
OBJECTIVESInvestigate different digestion conditions in order to decompose, dissolved sulfide ores containing pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite.
METHODSThe sulfide ores are reacted with hydrochloric acid to remove the sulfur, and then digested by HNO₃-HF-HClO₄. Newly prepared aqua regia is used to further dissolve metals. The contents of silver, copper, lead and zinc in sulfide ores are determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES).
RESULTSThe results show that sulfide ores can be decomposed ideally using the proposed procedure, especially for sulfide ores with high contents of silver and lead. The contents of silver, copper, lead and zinc in sulfide ores can be determined accurately by both FAAS and ICP-OES with a relative error of two methods of less than ±2.32%. The measured values are the same with the relative standard deviation(RSD, n=12) less than 3.5%. The detection limit of the four elements is below 0.0090 μg/mL, lower than current published values.
CONCLUSIONSThis method can be used to obtain an ideal decomposition effect, especially for high content silver and lead sulfide ore samples.

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