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| Citation: |
AI Xiaojun，YU Xiaojian，CHEN Zhansheng，et al. Spatial Pattern and Influence Factor Analysis of Soil Organic Matter Based on Geodetector Model: Taking Liaoyang—Anshan Area as an Example[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis，2025，44（4）：1−16. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202412050251
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Spatial pattern of organic matter distribution and its influencing factors in the study area can provide decision-making basis for territorial spatial planning. Most previous studies in this area focused on the soil surface, and most of them studied the influence of single factors. Therefore, the characteristics, spatial pattern and multi-factor influence of soil horizontal and vertical organic matter content were studied in this study, and the results showed that: In the study area, organic matter is higher in southeast and lower in northwest, and decreases with increasing depth. Organic matter is positively correlated with total nitrogen, total phosphorus, viscosity and silt content, and negatively correlated with sand content and bulk density. The interaction of any two factors is greater than that of a single factor. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202412050251.
Significance: With the rapid development of industry and urbanization，the increase of land use intensity，soil fertility compared with the second national soil survey，the content of organic matter in the study area showed a decline. Meanwhile，due to irrational farming，the risk of excessive phosphate fertilizer appeared in Haicheng City，and the carbon storage deficit in Tai 'an County was serious (52%)，and the risk of degradation of black soil was high. As an important parameter of soil fertility，soil organic matter not only affects the physical，chemical and ecological characteristics of soil，but also directly determines the productivity of soil and the robustness of ecosystem[1-3]. The spatial pattern of organic matter distribution and its influencing factors in the study area can provide decision-making basis for territorial spatial planning.
Existing studies have revealed that soil organic matter is comprehensively affected by altitude，average annual air temperature，soil type，soil parent material，precipitation，land use method，pH value and soil clay content[4-6]. Taking a comprehensive look at the existing studies，the research area studied by the above scholars is cultivated land or forest land，and geostatistical method is still the most common research method[16]. The research area covers various types of cultivated land，forest land and grassland，and extends from the soil surface to the deep layer. The interaction of multiple factors is the key issue to be considered. In view of this，the geographical detector developed by Wang，et al.[17] can reveal the influence of a single independent variable on the dependent variable，and also identify the interaction effect between the two factors. Linear relationship is not needed to prevent collinearity caused by multiple variables. The Q-value index can accurately evaluate the interpretation ability of single or interactive variables of geographic detectors on the spatial differentiation of soil organic matter[18]. Liaoyang—Anshan region is an important part of the old industrial base and grain production base in northeast China. Soil organic matter has a downward trend[28]，and its decline has affected soil environment and crop growth，thus affecting regional food security and ecological balance. This study combined geostatistics，correlation analysis and geographic detector model to input more factors that had not been studied in previous studies，such as surface matrix configuration，clay，silt，sand，total nitrogen and total phosphorus content，etc.，to analyze the impact of environmental and human factors on soil organic matter distribution. In order to reveal the internal law of spatial pattern of soil surface and profile organic matter in the study area，promote the rational distribution of agriculture and forestry production and improve the level of land resource management and protection.
Methods: In order to systematically study the internal laws and influencing factors of organic matter distribution in soil surface and profile，soil surface and profile samples from Liaoyang-Anshan area were collected in this paper. Potassium dichromate volumetric method，inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry and Kaye distillation volumetric method were used to determine the content of soil physical and chemical indexes. The characteristics，spatial pattern and influencing factors of soil organic matter content were investigated based on geostatistics，correlation analysis and GeoDetector model. Technical standards such as the Standard for multi-target regional geochemical Investigation (DZT 0258—2014) and the Standard for Quality Management of Geological and Mineral Laboratory Testing (DZ/T 0130—2006) are strictly implemented. Data processing and data quality control are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Data and Result: The research shows that: (1) The soil surface organic matter content in the study area ranged from 1.72 to 48.4g/kg，with an average value of 19.9g/kg and a coefficient of variation of 41.9%，as shown in Table 4. The spatial variation was moderate. The overall spatial pattern showed a gradual decrease from southeast to northwest，and the profile organic matter decreased with increasing depth，as shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3. The decrease of organic matter in profile was related to the decrease of soil oxygen content，root biomass and microbial activity[42]. (2) Soil surface and profile organic matter is positively correlated with total N，total P，clay and silt content，and negatively correlated with sand content and bulk density (p＜0.01)，as shown in Table 7 and Fig.4，which is determined by the biogeochemical mechanism of organic matter，N and P covariance and the cascade effect of soil parent material and texture[50-51]. (3) The interaction of any two factors was greater than that of a single factor，and the explanatory power of the interaction between total nitrogen and the other 16 factors was above 0.80，as shown in Fig.6. The spatial variation of soil surface organic matter was different，and total nitrogen，rainfall，bulk density and total phosphorus were the leading factors of spatial variation，which were also affected by multiple factors.
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