Study on Sulfate Traceability of Karst Groundwater System in Tai’an City, Shandong Province

LI Xiaobo; LI Mingyi; ZHANG Xueming; MA Xiaoqian; SUN Dawei; MENG Qinglu; MA Chuanming

doi:10.15898/j.ykcs.202409110187

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2025 > In Press, Accepted Manuscript > DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202409110187

LI Xiaobo，LI Mingyi，ZHANG Xueming，et al. Study on Sulfate Traceability of Karst Groundwater System in Tai’an City, Shandong Province[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis，2025，44（3）：1−13. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202409110187

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Study on Sulfate Traceability of Karst Groundwater System in Tai’an City, Shandong Province

1.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geoscience (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Mountains Rivers Forests Farmlands Lakes Grasslands of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geological and Mineral Resources, Tai’an 271000, China
3.
Shandong Fifth Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Tai’an 271000, China

More Information

Received Date: September 10, 2024
Revised Date: October 16, 2024
Accepted Date: October 18, 2024
Available Online: October 30, 2024

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1)The reason for the significant increase of the content of \begin{document}$\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-} $\end{document} in karst groundwater in Tai 'an City is not clear. The mathematical statistics, hydrochemical analysis and multi-isotope technology were used to trace the sulfate source.

(2)Groundwater originates from atmospheric precipitation and is closely related to surface water hydraulics. The hydrochemical components are affected by both carbonate dissolution and industrial activities.

(3)The research area is characterized by “dualistic structure”. The thin thickness and poor anti-fouling performance of the overlying Quaternary makes the karst groundwater vulnerable to pollution. The sewage discharge of industrial enterprises is the major controlling factor for excessive sulfate.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the concentration of sulfate in groundwater in northern karst areas has increased significantly, which not only poses a potential threat to human health, but also affects the safety of industrial and agricultural water and the sustainability of ecological environment. However, the pollution mechanism is still unclear. This paper studied the hydrogeochemical process of groundwater in Tai’an City, Shandong Province. In order to reveal the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and hydrochemical process of groundwater, the mathematical statistics, hydrochemical analysis, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (δD, δ¹⁸O-H₂O) and sulfur and oxygen isotopes (δ³⁴S-SO₄, δ¹⁸O-SO₄) analysis are comprehensively used. Moreover, the relationship between the increase of sulfate concentration and the hydrochemical component were discussed and the isotope characteristics and sources of sulfates were clarified. The results show that the hydrochemical type of groundwater is mainly HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Ca and SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca type, showing the hydrochemical components are mainly affected by the dissolution of carbonate minerals and human activities. Groundwater and surface water mainly come from atmospheric precipitation, which is affected by evaporation. The influence of evaporation intensity on surface water is higher than that on groundwater. The δ³⁴S-SO₄ and δ¹⁸O-SO₄ in groundwater are between 4.5‰-8.5‰ and 2.6‰-6.6‰, respectively, which is close to the end element of sewage discharge. The analysis of the relationship between δ³⁴S-SO₄ and $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-} $ content shows that the reduction of sulfate by bacteria in groundwater is weak, and the effect of sulfide oxidation on $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-} $ in groundwater is also weak. $\mathrm{SO}_4^{2-} $ is mainly derived from sewage discharge of industrial enterprises.
- groundwater,
- northern karst,
- sulfate,
- isotopes,
- human activities

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References (50)

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