Comprehensive Geochemical Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Topsoil Nutrients in a Farming Area of Dabie Mountain in Western Anhui, China

DONG Qiuyao; SONG Chao; WEN Haotian; XIANG Jiao; WANG Pan; YAN Mingjiang

doi:10.15898/j.ykcs.202206180117

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2024 > 43(2): 344-355. > DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202206180117

DONG Qiuyao，SONG Chao，WEN Haotian，et al. Comprehensive Geochemical Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Topsoil Nutrients in a Farming Area of Dabie Mountain in Western Anhui, China[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis，2024，43（2）：344−355. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202206180117

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Comprehensive Geochemical Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Topsoil Nutrients in a Farming Area of Dabie Mountain in Western Anhui, China

DONG Qiuyao^{1, 2,},
SONG Chao^{1, 2, ,},
WEN Haotian³,
XIANG Jiao⁴,
WANG Pan^{1, 2},
YAN Mingjiang^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Quaternary Chronology and Hydro-Environmental Evolution, Chinese Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang 050083, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4.
The 107 Geological Team, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Chongqing 401120, China

More Information

Received Date: June 17, 2022
Revised Date: August 06, 2022
Accepted Date: November 04, 2022
Available Online: February 01, 2023

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) The single index nutrient grade and comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrient grade are often used to analyze soil nutrient status.

(2) The comprehensive grade of soil nutrient geochemistry in the Dabie Mountain area of Western Anhui Province is mainly medium, followed by relatively deficient. The soil in the area is acidic, TN content is medium abundant, TP content is medium to lacking, K content is the most abundant, and organic matter content is medium to lacking.

(3) Land use, soil type and geomorphic type have different effects on the spatial distribution of pH, nutrient elements and organic matter.

ABSTRACT

Western Anhui is an important precision agricultural area in China, characterized by diverse landforms and multiple soil types. To determine the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements and their controlling factors, we analyzed 5 nutrient indicators by collecting 1295 groups of shallow soil (0-20cm) samples and conducted a comprehensive soil nutrient geochemical grade evaluation on the basis of single indicator analysis. The results show that soil nutrients are poor in the cultivated lands of the northern region. The use of fertilizer should be adjusted as needed to balance the soil nutrients in some areas, and the management of farmland nutrients is suggested for improving the agricultural yield. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202206180117.
BRIEF REPORT
Significance: Precision agriculture, as an emerging farm management strategy, is partly tasked with ensuring optimal plant nutrition and proper fertilizer application, including accurate dosage, an appropriate nitrogen (N)-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) ratio, and efficient storage and distribution of nutrition, while also preventing environmental problems such as soil acidification, the “chemical time bomb” effect, phosphorus load of surface waters, eutrophication, rapid siltation of canals and reservoirs, nitrate pollution of drinking water resources, and the accumulation and mobilization of potential toxic compounds, etc. Western Anhui is an important precision agricultural area in China, characterized by diverse landforms and multiple soil types. We find that the Dabie Mountain area of Western Anhui exhibits poor soil nutrient levels, particularly within the cultivated lands of the northern region. To ameliorate this, it is advisable to judiciously augment the application of organic fertilizers, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The implementation of a rotational system between paddy and dry fields is suggested for enhanced soil nutrient content. It is also recommended to regulate soil pH through the utilization of matured lime to facilitate increased grain production. Additionally, exploiting potassium-enriched land resources is recommended. This study provides crucial scientific evidence for establishing large-scale, concentrated, and contiguous national commodity grain production bases.

Methods: A total of 1295 topsoil samples (0-20cm) were collected in the Dabie Mountain area of Western Anhui. Soil pH was determined in a 1∶2.5 ratio of soil to water using a glass electrode. TN and TP were determined using the Kjeldahl method and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. K and soil organic matter (SOM) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ammonium ferrous sulfate volumetric method, respectively. The comprehensive geochemical grade evaluation of soil nutrients was conducted. The impact factors of these five geochemistry indexes were studied based mainly on the correlation analysis.

Data and Results: The comprehensive geochemical grade evaluation of soil nutrients in the region showed that the overall soil nutrient classifications in the region were medium, accounting for 60.10% of the total area, mainly distributed in the southern parts of Huoshan County and the northeastern forest area of Jinzhai County. The second prevalent category was moderately deficient soil, constituting 25.27%, scattered sporadically in a non-contiguous manner primarily in the northern part of the surveyed area in Yu’an district. Results from the analysis of 5 various indexes indicated that 98.88% of the soils in the study area were acidic, with a significant influence from geomorphic types. TN distribution was mainly medium to rich, significantly affected by soil types. TP content was primarily medium and deficient, with a significant influence from geomorphic types. K content was the most abundant element, with 97.81% having medium or higher content, mainly influenced by geomorphic types. SOM content was primarily medium to relatively deficient, influenced by soil types, land use patterns, and geomorphic types, and shows a highly positive correlation with TN content.

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