Screening of Extractable Reagents for Heavy Metal Elements in the Detailed Survey of Soil Pollution in China

XIONG Ying; WANG Yaping; HAN Zhangxiong; DONG Yani; JIANG Junping

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004130045

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2022 > 41(3): 384-393. > DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004130045

XIONG Ying, WANG Yaping, HAN Zhangxiong, DONG Yani, JIANG Junping. Screening of Extractable Reagents for Heavy Metal Elements in the Detailed Survey of Soil Pollution in China[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2022, 41(3): 384-393. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004130045

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Screening of Extractable Reagents for Heavy Metal Elements in the Detailed Survey of Soil Pollution in China

1.
Xi'an Mineral Resources Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China

More Information

Received Date: April 12, 2021
Revised Date: September 09, 2021
Accepted Date: March 05, 2022
Available Online: July 28, 2022

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) Dilute acid solution has the strong ability to leach heavy metals from soil, and is not related to the acidity and alkalinity of soil.

(2) Although the extraction ability of ammonium nitrate solution for cadmium indicates that the activity of cadmium in acidic soil is much higher than that in alkaline soil, the extraction rate of lead in alkaline soil is higher than that of cadmium.

(3) The extraction rate of heavy metals by DTPA extractant does not change significantly with the variations in acidity and alkalinity of soil.

(4) Calcium chloride solution has the highest extraction rate of the heavy metal element cadmium in soil. At the same time, it is closely related to soil acidity and alkalinity.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
The extractable state of soil heavy metal elements is an important index to measure their bioavailability, but its content changes with soil acid-base properties and other environmental conditions. When determining which method to use for the extractable state of soil heavy metal elements, there are more than 7 kinds of extraction reagents involved in relevant standard methods or technical specifications. These include hydrochloric acid of pH=5.8, 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid, 0.43±0.02mol/L nitric acid, 0.11mol/L acetic acid, 1mol/L ammonium nitrate solution, 0.005mol/L DTPA leaching agent, 0.01mol/L calcium chloride solution. Different scholars have different research conclusions on different extractants. There is no systematic research report on extractants suitable for different soil types.
OBJECTIVES
To select and determine the general extractant suitable for the extractable state of heavy metal elements in soil with different acid-base properties.
METHODS
Using typical farming soil samples as the research objective, 7 kinds of extracting agent were used to extract 8 heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As and Hg). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, whereas atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) was used to determine As and Hg. The extraction rates of 7 kinds of extractants were compared, and the effects of soil acid and alkali properties on the extraction rate of heavy metal elements were studied.
RESULTS
Dilute acid solution had a strong ability of leaching heavy metals from soil, and it was not related to the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. Although the extraction ability of 1mol/L ammonium nitrate solution for cadmium indicated that the activity of cadmium in acidic soil was much higher than that in alkaline soil, its extraction rate of lead in alkaline soil was higher than that of cadmium. The extraction rate of DTPA extractant for soil heavy metal elements was significantly higher than that of 0.01mol/L calcium chloride solution, especially for lead, copper and zinc. Moreover, the extraction rate of DTPA extractant for soil heavy metal elements did not change significantly with soil acid-base properties. 0.01mol/L calcium chloride solution had the highest extraction rate of cadmium in soil, which was closely related to the acid-base properties of soil.
CONCLUSIONS
0.01mol/L calcium chloride solution is an ideal general extractant for the extractable state of soil heavy metal elements.

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References (24)

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