Application of EMPA-XRD-SEM to Study the Mineralogical Characteristics of Turquoise from Xichuan, Henan Province

Xin-tong LI; Yi-heng XIAN; Jing-yi FAN; Lu-fan ZHANG; Jing-wen GUO; Zhan-yuan GAO; Rui WEN

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201809090102

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2019 > 38(4): 373-381. > DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201809090102

Xin-tong LI, Yi-heng XIAN, Jing-yi FAN, Lu-fan ZHANG, Jing-wen GUO, Zhan-yuan GAO, Rui WEN. Application of EMPA-XRD-SEM to Study the Mineralogical Characteristics of Turquoise from Xichuan, Henan Province[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2019, 38(4): 373-381. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201809090102

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Application of EMPA-XRD-SEM to Study the Mineralogical Characteristics of Turquoise from Xichuan, Henan Province

1.
Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation and Research, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
2.
Scientific and Archaeological Research Center, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
3.
Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China

More Information

Received Date: September 08, 2018
Revised Date: March 08, 2019
Accepted Date: April 08, 2019
Published Date: June 30, 2019

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) Mineralogical characteristics of Xichuan turquoise were studied.

(2) Mineral composition and structural characteristics of Xichuan turquoise were studied.

(3) Attempts to distinguish the origin of mineral characteristics in turquoise by comparing the mineral composition of turquoise with other mining areas.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDThe Xichuan turquoise mining area in Henan Province belongs to the east extension of the turquoise metallogenic belt in the junction of Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces. A lot of turquoise artifacts have been excavated in many early archaeological sites near Xichuan. Therefore, the distribution of the Xichuan turquoises has attracted wide attention of many archaeologists.
OBJECTIVESTo study mineralogical characteristics of Xichuan turquoise in order to improve the mineralogical study of turquoise in different mining areas in China and provide important data support for tracing the mineral resources of early turquoise artifacts in China.
METHODSTechnologies including polarizing micro-scope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction were applied to study the texture and structure of turquoise. Electron probe microanalysis and back scattered electron imaging were applied to study the mineral assemblage of Xichuan turquoise.
RESULTSXichuan turquoise, ring-like, nodular and patchy granular was primarily composed of fine scaly, short columnar and lamellar microcrystalline aggregates. By comparing the microcrystalline structures of different samples, it was noted that the sizes, shapes and distributions could affect the densification and color of Xichuan turquoise. Quartz, chalcedony and iron oxide were common in the Xichuan turquoise aggregate. Svanbergite could also be observed in some samples.
CONCLUSIONSBy comparing the mineral assemblages of turquoise in other mining areas, it was found that Xichuan turquoise was similar to the turquoise in Hubei Province with quartz and limonite as main mineral impurities, different from the turquoise in Anhui Province with kaolinite as main mineral impurities.
- turquoise,
- mineral structure,
- crystal type,
- svanbergite,
- kaolinite,
- powder X-ray diffraction,
- scanning electron microscopy,
- electron microprobe

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References (32)

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