A Review and Perspective on Analytical Methods of Critical Metal Elements

LI Chao; WANG Deng-hong; QU Wen-jun; MENG Hui-ming; ZHOU Li-min; FAN Xing-tao; LI Xin-wei; ZHAO Hong; WEN Hong-li; SUN Peng-cheng

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310115

Rock and Mineral Analysis > 2020 > 39(5): 658-669. > DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310115

LI Chao, WANG Deng-hong, QU Wen-jun, MENG Hui-ming, ZHOU Li-min, FAN Xing-tao, LI Xin-wei, ZHAO Hong, WEN Hong-li, SUN Peng-cheng. A Review and Perspective on Analytical Methods of Critical Metal Elements[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2020, 39(5): 658-669. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201907310115

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A Review and Perspective on Analytical Methods of Critical Metal Elements

1.
National Research Center for Analysis, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
3.
Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

More Information

Received Date: July 30, 2019
Revised Date: January 10, 2020
Accepted Date: April 15, 2020
Published Date: August 31, 2020

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS
(1) Critical metal elements present new challenges for analytical techniques due to their uncommon, unevenly distributed, and complex matrix characteristics.

(2) Incomplete dissolving of minerals, extraction of elements, matrix effect between sample and standard solution, and interferences are main challenges in critical metal elements analysis.

(3) The chemical preparation procedures for the different minerals such as silicate, carbonate, oxide and sulfide were summarized.

(4) Microarea in situ analysis and field on-site analysis are the development trend of critical metal elements analysis.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDStrategic critical metal mineral resources including rare, dispersed, rare earth and platinum group elements play an increasingly critical role in emerging industries such as new materials, new energy and information technology. With the deepening of the geological survey of key mineral resources in China, the critical metal elements present new challenges to analytical techniques due to their complex matrix, large differences in different mineral contents, and unstable chemical properties.
OBJECTIVESTo introduce recent analytical techniques and applications for critical metal elements in different types of geological samples.
METHODSBased on different chemical composition, the main matrices of critical metal elements were classified, mainly divided into silicate, carbonate, sulfate, tungstate, phosphate, oxide, sulfide and halide. For different types of rocks and minerals, chemical digestion was largely carried out by traditional dissolution methods such as the acid dissolution method (nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid combination, aqua regia) or alkali fusion methods.
RESULTSThe characteristics and application of commonly used instruments including electronic probe microanalyzer, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were reviewed. The problems during critical metal analysis including incomplete dissolution, low recovery, oxides and isobaric interference, inconsistency between samples and standard matrices were reviewed and corresponding solutions were proposed.
CONCLUSIONSIn situ microanalysis with the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and high spatial resolution, and field on-site geoanalysis with its simple, fast and close to field work features are the main trends in the development of critical metal elements analytical techniques.
- critical metal elements,
- occurrence matrix,
- sample pretreatment methods,
- analytical technique,
- in situ microanalysis,
- field on-site geoanalysis

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