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四川稀土精矿的稀土元素和微量元素地球化学特征及开发利用意义

Geochemistry of Rare Earth and Trace Elements in Rare Earth Concentrate from Sichuan Province and the Significance of the Exploitation and Utilization

  • 摘要: 四川省是我国轻稀土的重要产地,开采近二十年来生产了大量稀土精矿,精矿的稀土品位及其他有用元素组成对矿山资源评价及企业生存至关重要。本文对A、B、C三个稀土矿区稀土精矿的稀土元素和微量元素组成特征进行了研究。结果表明:不同矿区、不同选矿方法、不同企业生产的精矿,其稀土元素和微量元素含量存在显著差异;A矿区浮选精矿的稀土含量最低(ΣREEs=41.57%),而C矿区精矿的稀土含量最高(ΣREEs=55.83%);A矿区磁选精矿的稀土含量(ΣREEs=49.96%)高于浮选精矿(ΣREEs=41.57%);B矿区甲公司(ΣREEs=48.35%)精矿产品的稀土含量高于乙公司精矿产品(ΣREEs=42.92%)。精矿的稀土元素配分特征继承了原矿石的同时普遍亏损Tb和Yb,推测是选矿过程导致了元素的亏损。精矿中除了富集稀土元素,Mo、Bi、Pb、Ga、Th、U、W等有用元素也发生了不同程度的富集,综合利用价值高,尤其是Mo(0.56%)和Ga(0.036%)的含量已达到现行边界品位。本文提出,今后在提高精矿稀土品位的同时,需对富集的元素采取恰当的方式加以综合回收。

     

    Abstract: Sichuan Province is one of the most important provinces in China for light rare earth element (LREE) resources, where has been produced a large amount of rare earth concentrate in the past 20 years. Rare earth elements ΣREEs) and other useful elements in rare earth concentrates are very important for resource evaluation and enterprise survival. In this paper, geochemistry of rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements in samples from the A, B and C REE deposits has been studied. The results show that the content of REEs and trace elements in rare earth concentrate samples are changed in different deposit, enterprise and different mineral dressing process. The lowest level of ΣREEs is from A (ΣREEs=41.96%), the highest level is from C (ΣREEs=55.83%). ΣREEs of magnetic concentrate (ΣREEs=49.96%) is higher than flotation concentrate (ΣREEs=41.57%), and ΣREEs from Jia Company (ΣREEs=48.35%) is higher than from Yi Company (ΣREEs=42.92%). The REE distribution patterns of concentrate sample are inherited from rare earth ores while Tb and Yb are depleted, indicating that the mineral dressing process may lead to loss of these elements. REEs are enriched in concentrate sample, and Mo, Bi, Pb, Ga, Th, U, W are also enriched. Especially, Mo and Ga are in cut-off grade. These results indicate that it is necessary to increase REE grade of rare earth concentrate, and to take appropriate measures to reclaim higher concentration elements.

     

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