Study on the Relationship between the Contents of Heavy Metals in Rice and Root Soils in Typical Townships in the Western Pearl River Delta
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摘要: 农田土壤环境质量与稻米食用安全性关系非常密切，已有研究表明在采矿、交通、电子工业等影响下，珠三角地区积累了大量环境问题，镉汞砷等污染越来越严重。重金属在土壤-稻米系统中的迁移转化，受其总含量、土壤理化性质、有机质以及微量或大量元素的交互作用影响。为查明广东省佛山市高明区典型乡镇重金属在土壤-稻米系统中的迁移影响因素，为稻米食用安全性预测提供依据，本文在高明区明城镇、更合镇主要农田区，采集了151组稻谷及对应根系土样品，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）、原子荧光光谱法（AFS）等技术测定了土壤重金属、养分元素含量、土壤理化指标以及稻米重金属含量，分析了重金属含量特征及其迁移的影响因子，建立并验证了稻米中重金属含量定量预测模型。结果表明：①土壤重金属含量均低于第一次全国土壤污染调查获得的广东省土壤重金属含量均值，并且均低于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618—2018）中的土壤风险管制值，土壤污染风险低；②稻米中除Cd、Pb存在轻微超标外，其余重金属含量均低于食品卫生标准限值；③土壤重金属总量、土壤理化性质（土壤pH，土壤质地，土壤有机质含量，土壤N、P、K等）是重金属在土壤-稻米系统中迁移的关键控制因素。如土壤Cd、Cu总量与其在稻米中含量呈显著正相关；除Pb外，土壤有机质土壤全氮与各稻米中各重金属含量呈显著负相关；除Cd外，土壤全磷与稻米重金属含量呈显著负相关；土壤质地（SiO2/Al2O3）与稻米各重金属含量均呈显著正相关；④根据随机抽取的130组数据，以土壤重金属总量及土壤理化指标为自变量，建立了稻米As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb含量多元回归方程，均达到显著相关，经剩余21组数据的验证，预测方程的平均误差的中位数与平均数最大为31%，最小为7.8％，总体来说预测效果较好，模型可以用来预测高明区及其相似地区的稻米重金属含量。本研究通过探讨土壤理化性质的影响，引入土壤大量营养元素作为影响因素进行探究，可为研究大量营养元素对土壤重金属迁移至稻米的影响以及科学施肥指导提供参考；同时获得的土壤-稻米系统元素迁移影响因素，可对开展重金属生物有效性研究以及水田土壤污染修复、相似地区生态风险评价提供参考；简单探讨了降低研究区重金属生物有效性的方法以及抑制重金属的迁移、降低重金属生物危害的措施，为探究重金属迁移规律特征与地方病、流行病之间的关系提供了思路。Abstract: BACKGROUND: The environmental quality of farmland soil is closely related to the safety of edible rice. Studies have shown that under the influence of mining, transportation, and electronics industries, the Pearl River Delta has accumulated a large number of environmental problems. Pollution such as cadmium, mercury and arsenic is becoming more and more serious. The migration and transformation of heavy metals in the soil-rice system is affected by the interaction of their total content, physical and chemical properties of the soil, organic matter, and trace or major elements.
OBJECTIVES: To find out the factors influencing the migration of heavy metals in the soil-rice system in the typical towns of Gaoming District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, and to provide a basis for the prediction of rice food safety.
METHODS: In the main farmland areas of Mingcheng Town and Genghe Town of Gaoming District, 151 groups of rice and corresponding root soil samples were collected. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and other techniques were used to determine heavy metals in the soil, nutrient element content, physical and chemical indicators of the soil, and heavy metal content in rice. The characteristics of heavy metal content and its influencing factors were analyzed, and the quantitative prediction model of heavy metal content in rice was established and verified.
RESULTS: Results showed that the heavy metal content of the soil was lower than the average heavy metal content of the soil in Guangdong Province obtained by the first national soil pollution survey, and was lower than the soil risk control value in the national standard Soil Environment Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (GB 15618-2018), resulting in a low soil pollution risk. Except for the slight excess of Cd and Pb in rice, the content of other heavy metals was lower than the limit of food hygiene standards. Total heavy metals and physical and chemical properties (soil pH, soil texture, soil organic matter content, soil N, P, K, etc.) were the key controlling factors for the migration of heavy metals in the soil-rice system. According to the 130 sets of randomly selected data, the total amount of soil heavy metals and soil physical and chemical indicators were used as independent variables to establish rice As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb content multiple regression equation. All reached a significant correlation. After the verification of the remaining 21 sets of data, the median and average of the average error of the prediction equation were 31% at the maximum and 7.8% at the minimum. In general, the prediction effect was good, and the model can be used to predict the heavy metal content of rice in the Gaoming District and similar regions.
CONCLUSIONS: A large number of soil nutrient elements were introduced as the influencing factors when exploring the influence of physical and chemical properties of the soil, and provided a reference for studying the effect of nutrient elements on the migration of heavy metals in the soil to rice, and guidance for future scientific fertilization. The influencing factors of the soil-rice system element migration obtained at the same time provide a reference for carrying out heavy metal bioavailability research, paddy soil pollution remediation, and ecological risk assessment in similar areas. This article briefly discusses methods to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in the study area and measures to inhibit the migration of heavy metals and reduce the biological hazards of heavy metals. It also provides ideas for exploring the relationship between the migration characteristics of heavy metals and endemic and epidemic diseases. -
电气石是一类化学成分、晶体结构复杂的，以含硼为特征的铝、钠、铁、锂环状结构的硅酸盐矿物的总称，主要有镁电气石、黑电气石和锂电气石等三种端员矿种。电气石具有热电性、压电性、表面活性和吸附性等性质，作为一种新型工业矿物广泛应用于环境保护、电子电器、化工建材等领域[1]。此外，电气石矿物能记录其形成时岩石与矿床的化学组成与结构特征，对成岩成矿过程的研究具有重要的示踪意义，可用来指导重要经济矿床的勘探工作[2-3]。因此，快速、准确地测定电气石的化学组成对其质量评价、资源利用、矿床勘探等方面的研究具有重要意义。
与一般硅酸盐矿物相比，电气石的化学性质稳定，不易分解，B2O3含量一般在10%以上，这使其主次量成分的测定有一定困难。例如，采用动物胶凝聚重量法测定电气石中SiO2时，在硅酸凝聚过程中硼被硅酸吸附，与SiO2同时产生沉淀，使测定结果偏高，因此需要反复多次用甲醇以硼甲基醚的形式蒸发除去硼[4]。采用中子活化分析法(INAA)测定电气石中的主次量元素时[5-7]，由于10B的中子俘获截面积大，会降低待测元素的放射性活度，需要采用挥发除硼[5]或绘制干扰曲线[6]等方法消除或减弱硼的干扰，实验操作繁琐，且仪器设备昂贵，需要特殊的辐射防护措施，限制了其推广应用。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定时，由于电气石化学性质稳定，敞开酸溶法难以完全分解样品，需要用高压密闭酸溶法[8]或碳酸钠-氧化锌熔融法[9]等进行样品分解。高压密闭酸溶法耗时很长，由于使用氢氟酸，一般不能准确测定样品中的SiO2；碱熔法的试液盐分高，测定时易堵塞雾化器，空白值较高。由于硼属于超轻元素，X射线荧光产额很低，荧光强度弱，如果使用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)可以有效避免硼的干扰，也能克服样品不易湿法分解的问题。但也存在一些不足，如Tamer等[10]、Gullu等[11]采用XRF法测定电气石中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO等主次微量元素，由于采用粉末压片法制样，在缺乏电气石标准物质的情况下，难以消除粒度效应和矿物效应，对测定结果的精密度和准确度会造成一定影响。
本文采用熔融玻璃片法制备电气石样品，对熔剂和稀释比的选择进行了考察，选择适当氧化剂及脱模剂制备玻璃熔片，消除了粒度效应和矿物效应，在缺少电气石标准物质的情况下，选择常用的土壤、水系沉积物及多种类型的岩石等标准物质建立校准曲线，扩大校准曲线的线性范围，建立了熔融制样-XRF法同时测定电气石中Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2、P2O5、K2O、CaO、TiO2、V2O5、Cr2O3、MnO、TFe2O3等主次量元素的分析方法。
1. 实验部分
1.1 仪器和工作条件
ZSX PrimusⅡ型X射线荧光光谱仪(日本理学公司)，功率4 kW，端窗铑靶X光管，最大工作电压60 kV，最大工作电流130 mA，真空光路(真空度小于10 Pa)，视野光栏Φ30 mm。分析元素的测量条件见表 1。Lifumat-2.0-Ox型高频熔样机(德国利恒热工有限公司)。
表 1 XRF仪器分析条件Table 1. Working conditions of the XRF instrument元素 分析线 分析晶体 准直器 探测器 电压(kV) 电流(mA) 2θ (°) 背景(°) PHA LL UL Na Kα RX25 S4 PC 55 60 47.492 48.900 100 350 Mg Kα RX25 S4 PC 55 60 39.060 40.500 100 350 Al Kα PET S4 PC 55 60 144.730 147.000 100 330 Si Kα PET S4 PC 55 60 109.042 111.000 100 320 P Kα Ge S4 PC 55 60 141.042 143.300 80 300 K Kα LiF1 S4 PC 55 60 136.588 139.500 100 300 Ca Kα LiF1 S4 PC 55 60 113.062 115.000 100 300 Ti Kα LiF1 S4 PC 55 60 86.106 88.500 100 320 V Kα LiF1 S4 PC 55 60 77.002 74.000 100 320 Cr Kα LiF1 S4 PC 55 60 69.306 74.000 130 320 Mn Kα LiF1 S4 SC 55 60 62.944 63.700 100 350 Fe Kα LiF1 S2 SC 55 60 57.476 58.800 80 350 Br Kα1 LiF1 S2 SC 55 60 29.928 31.000 100 300 Rh Rh-Kα1 LiF1 S2 SC 55 60 17.518 - 100 300 Rh Rh-KαC LiF1 S2 SC 55 60 18.442 - 100 300 注：均未使用滤光片, 衰减器均为1/1；Br用于校正Al的谱线重叠干扰；Rh为内标元素。 1.2 标准物质
XRF定量分析时，需要一组与待测样品化学组成类似、各元素具有足够宽含量范围及适当的含量梯度的标准物质来建立校准曲线。
在缺乏电气石标准物质的情况下，为满足样品测试的需要，本实验选择了土壤(GBW07401~GBW07408，GBW07423~GBW07430)，水系沉积物(GBW07301~GBW07312)，岩石(GBW 07101~GBW07114，GBW07120~GBW07125)；硅质砂岩(GBW03112~GBW03114)，软质黏土(GBW03115)，钾长石(GBW03116)，钠钙硅玻璃(GBW03117)，高岭土(GBW03121~GBW03122)，硅灰石(GBW03123)，霞石正长岩(GBW03124~GBW03125)，叶腊石(GBW03126~GBW03127)，水镁石(GBW03128~GBW03129)，滑石(GBW03130)，硼硅酸盐玻璃(GBW03132)等国家一级标准物质，使各元素形成既有一定含量范围又有适当梯度的标准系列。各标准物质含量范围见表 2。
表 2 标准物质各元素含量范围Table 2. Content range of elements in the certified reference materials元素 含量范围(%) Na2O 0.0066~13.77 MgO 0.041~61.43 Al2O3 0.053~38.62 SiO2 0.62~98.51 P2O5 0.0030~0.92 K2O 0.0041~9.6 CaO 0.052~40.39 TiO2 0.0040~7.69 V2O5 0.0004~0.14 Cr2O3 0.0004~1.57 MnO 0.0015~0.32 TFe2O3 0.093~24.75 1.3 主要试剂
四硼酸锂+偏硼酸锂+氟化锂混合熔剂(质量比为4.5:1:0.4)：优级纯，使用前经700℃灼烧2 h后备用。
溴化锂、硝酸锂：优级纯。
1.4 实验方法
称取样品0.7000 g(预先经105℃干燥2 h)和7.0000 g四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂-氟化锂混合熔剂于瓷坩埚中，搅拌均匀，全部转入铂黄合金坩埚(95%铂+5%金)中，加入1 mL饱和硝酸锂溶液和1滴溴化锂溶液(1 g/mL)，将坩埚置于熔样机上，在800℃预氧化2 min，升温至1050℃保持9 min(熔样同时充分摇动坩埚、赶尽气泡)，再将熔融物倒入铸模中成型并与铸模脱离。放入干燥器中密闭保存，待测。
2. 结果与讨论
2.1 熔剂的选择
XRF分析中熔剂的选择要遵循酸碱平衡的原则，适宜的熔剂可使样品熔融后具有较好的流动性，并形成均匀、透明的样片[12]。硼酸盐类熔剂在XRF熔融制样中应用最广泛，常用的熔剂有四硼酸锂、偏硼酸锂及二者的混合物等[13]。本实验选择电气石实际样品，对几种常用熔剂进行熔片试验。结果表明，使用偏硼酸锂或四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂(质量比为12:22)熔剂时，玻璃熔片在冷却过程中出现结晶、炸裂现象；使用四硼酸锂或四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂(质量比为67:33)熔剂时，能制成透明的玻璃熔片，但熔体的流动性较差，不易混匀；使用四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂-氟化锂(质量比为4.5:1:0.4)熔剂时，能制成均匀、透明的玻璃熔片，没有出现含不溶物、结晶或炸裂等现象。因此，本文选择四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂-氟化锂(质量比为4.5:1:0.4)熔剂进行电气石样品熔融片的制备。
2.2 样品与熔剂的稀释比例
选择电气石实际样品，分别按稀释比1:2、1:3、1:5、1:10、1:15称取样品与熔剂混匀，进行熔片试验，比较不同稀释比对于熔片效果的影响。实验结果表明，稀释比为1:2、1:3时，熔体流动性不佳，所得玻璃熔片中有絮状物；稀释比为1:5、1:10、1:15时，熔体流动性较好，可以制备均匀、透明的玻璃熔片。考虑到电气石的种类较多、化学组成复杂、含量范围较广，采用低稀释比可能会降低方法的适应性。而稀释比过大又会使得元素分析强度下降，对Na、K等轻元素和V、Cr等低含量元素测定有影响，因此最终选择样品与熔剂的稀释比为1:10。
2.3 校准曲线方程和基体校正
采用玻璃熔片法制备样品，由于样品完全熔解，可以有效地消除粉末压片所具有的粒度效应和矿物效应，也降低了基体效应。本文用经验系数法进行基体校正和谱线重叠校正，各组分的校准曲线、相关系数及基体校正与重叠校正项见表 3。各组分的线性相关系数均为0.99以上，能够满足分析的要求。
表 3 各组分校准曲线及基体校正Table 3. Calibration curves of the components and matrix effect correction元素 校准曲线方程 相关系数 基体校正项 重叠校正项 Na2O y=2.64274x-0.114574 0.9999 - - MgO y=0.930348x+0.0357911 0.9998 - - Al2O3 y=0.420649x-0.0226954 0.9999 Fe Br SiO2 y=0.423045x-2.27949 0.9992 Na, Mg, Ca - P2O5 y=0.144936x-0.000210712 0.9987 - - K2O y=0.0585628x-0.0343324 0.9997 - - CaO y=0.0650356x-0.001972964 0.9999 Mg Ti TiO2 y=0.0757955x-0.00999133 0.9997 Al - V2O5 y=0.0567832x+0.0102023 0.9976 - Ti Cr2O3 y=0.0296265x-0.0221646 0.9999 - V MnO y=0.0234417x-0.0037977 0.9966 Mg - TFe2O3 y=22.2998x-0.0147243 (0%~0.5%) 0.9908 Si, Al - y=20.5091x+0.128553 (0.5%~30%) 0.9997 Si, Al - 注：y为组分含量(%)，x为经校正后的计数率(kcps)或内标比；TFe2O3校准曲线是以Rh-KαC作内标，依据不同含量范围分段绘制校准曲线；“-”表示未作校正。 2.4 方法检出限
根据表 1的测量条件，首先按照文献[14]中的公式计算各元素的检出限，计算结果见表 4(计算值)。由于熔片制样本身存在的稀释效应及样品基体的影响，有研究者认为用上述理论公式计算出来的检出限通常偏低，无法反映出方法的真实检出限[14-15]。因此在确定本法检出限时，本文采取文献[14]的方法，选择4个标准物质GBW07106(石英砂岩)、GBW07109(霓霞正长岩)、GBW07114(白云岩)和GBW07127(碳酸盐岩石)各制备一个样片，按照表 1中的仪器工作条件重复测定12次，依据测定结果计算出每个标准物质中含量最低的元素对应的标准偏差σ，然后将3倍标准偏差(3σ)作为本方法的检出限，获得的检出限(测定值)见表 4。可见采用此法得出的检出限与实际能报出的结果基本相同。除Na2O外，本方法的检出限均低于或接近于文献[14]类似研究中报道的数据。
表 4 方法检出限Table 4. Detection limits of the method元素 方法检出限(μg/g) 计算值 测定值 Na2O 102 426 MgO 66 192 Al2O3 103 156 SiO2 21 180 P2O5 16 25 K2O 10 21 CaO 13 21 TiO2 9 27 V2O5 5 23 Cr2O3 3 15 MnO 5 17 TFe2O3 8 21 2.5 方法精密度和准确度
取1个电气石实际样品按1.4节实验方法制成11个样片，在选定的实验条件下进行测定，评价方法精密度。各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为Na2O(0.63%)、MgO(0.28%)、Al2O3(0.12%)、SiO2(0.19%)、P2O5(0.68%)、K2O(1.93%)、CaO(3.69%)、TiO2(0.24%)、V2O5(2.85%)、Cr2O3(4.18%)、MnO(3.39%)和TFe2O3(0.52%)。与文献[16]报道的采用四硼酸锂熔片-XRF测定电气石中的主次量元素得出的RSD数据相比，本文测量Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2和P2O5的RSD低于文献数据，TFe2O3的RSD与文献数据相当，K2O、CaO、TiO2和MnO的RSD比文献数据略差，但也能够满足《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》(DZ/T 0130—2006)的要求。
由于目前缺少电气石国家标准物质，本实验选择了Si、Al等元素含量与电气石类似的GBW07180(铝土矿标准物质)、GBW07177(铝土矿标准物质)与GBW07103(岩石标准物质)，按质量比5:9混合(校准样品1)及按质量比3:4混合(校准样品2)，进行方法准确度验证。由表 5可见，测定结果与校准样品的理论值基本相符，表明本方法的准确度较好。
表 5 方法准确度Table 5. Accuracy tests of the method元素 GBW07180 校准样品1 校准样品2 本法(%) 推荐值(%) 本法(%) 推荐值(%) 本法(%) 推荐值(%) Na2O 0.034 0.040 2.03 2.03 1.83 1.81 MgO 0.36 0.31 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.30 Al2O3 43.37 42.97 33.91 33.99 38.02 38.11 SiO2 38.89 39.03 49.86 49.61 45.19 44.96 P2O5 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 K2O 0.22 0.19 3.28 3.29 2.95 2.95 CaO 0.096 0.12 1.15 1.14 1.07 1.06 TiO2 1.83 2.06 1.17 1.29 1.32 1.49 V2O5 0.011 0.013 - - - - Cr2O3 0.012 0.011 - - - - MnO 0.0016 0.0020 0.046 0.048 0.043 0.045 TFe2O3 0.35 0.41 1.80 2.03 1.75 2.00 注：“-”表示标准物质中该元素缺乏定值，未检测。 2.6 本法(熔融制样-XRF)与其他方法的比较
2.6.1 与粉末压片制样-XRF法的比较
选取电气石实际样品DQS-1(花岗伟晶岩型镁电气石，产自新疆阿尔泰矿区)，分别采用本法和粉末压片-XRF法进行主次量元素的测定，并与样品推荐值进行比较(推荐值为多家不同实验室测定结果的平均值)，粉末压片法的样品制备和测定方法参照文献[17]进行。实验结果(表 6)表明，本方法由于采用熔融法制样，消除了样品的粒度效应和矿物效应，与粉末压片法制样相比，相对误差较小，测量准确度更高。对于粉末压片法，由于其制样更加快速、简便，绿色环保，还可同时测定多种微量元素，对测定结果要求不高时可采用。
表 6 XRF分析不同制样方法的分析结果比对Table 6. A comparison of analytical results of tourmaline samples measured by fusion and powder pellet preparation in XRF method元素 推荐值(%) 粉末压片法 本法(熔融法) 测定值(%) 相对误差(%) 测定值(%) 相对误差(%) Na2O 2.43 2.22 -8.5 2.27 -6.6 MgO 8.40 8.34 -0.8 8.49 1.1 Al2O3 32.60 31.84 -2.3 32.76 0.5 SiO2 36.24 35.36 -2.4 36.07 -0.5 P2O5 0.14 0.19 35.7 0.15 7.1 K2O 0.11 0.13 18.2 0.12 9.1 CaO 0.55 0.72 30.2 0.59 7.3 TiO2 0.62 0.59 -4.8 0.61 -1.6 V2O5 0.027 0.036 32.0 0.026 -3.7 Cr2O3 0.012 0.014 16.7 0.014 16.7 MnO 0.024 0.030 20.8 0.025 4.2 TFe2O3 5.07 5.32 4.9 5.16 1.8 2.6.2 与化学法的比较
选取三种不同类型和产地的电气石实际样品DQS-2(岩浆热型铁镁电气石，产自山东邹城矿区)、DQS-3(岩浆热型铁电气石，产自广西恭城矿区)和DQS-4(花岗伟晶岩型锂电气石，产自河南卢氏矿区)，采用本方法进行主次量元素的测定，并与化学法测定结果进行比对。化学法中，SiO2采用重量法测定，MgO、Al2O3、CaO采用容量法测定，TFe2O3、TiO2采用分光光度法测定，Na2O、K2O、MnO、V2O5、Cr2O3和P2O5采用高压密闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定。实验结果(表 7)表明本法的测定值与化学法基本吻合，适用于测定不同类型电气石中的主次量元素。
表 7 本法与化学法的分析结果比对Table 7. A comparison of analytical results of tourmaline samples measured by this method with chemical method元素 DQS-2 DQS-3 DQS-4 本法(%) 化学法(%) 本法(%) 化学法(%) 本法(%) 化学法(%) Na2O 1.61 1.59 2.03 2.04 1.71 1.73 MgO 5.65 5.58 0.60 0.52 0.078 0.070* Al2O3 19.63 19.48 27.89 27.99 29.92 29.77 SiO2 40.79 40.65 39.57 39.69 52.99 52.74 P2O5 0.21 0.19 0.009 0.011 0.13 0.12 K2O 0.18 0.17 0.064 0.050 0.54 0.57 CaO 7.47 7.38 0.57 0.49 1.19 1.10 TiO2 0.47 0.45 0.18 0.18 0.010 0. 013* V2O5 0.033 0.034 - - - - Cr2O3 0.023 0.024 - - - - MnO 0.13 0.13 0.26 0.24 0.035 0.031 TFe2O3 8.77 8.64 17.71 17.52 0.10 0.10 注：标注“*”的数据表示该数据为高压密闭酸溶，ICP-OES法测定值；“-”表示低于检出限，没有提供测定值。 3. 结论
本文以四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂-氟化锂混合熔剂(质量比为4.5:1:0.4)作为熔剂，采用熔融片法进行样品制备，建立了应用XRF法同时测定电气石中Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2、P2O5、K2O、CaO、TiO2、V2O5、Cr2O3、MnO、TFe2O3等12种主次量元素的分析方法。本法解决了电气石不易湿法分解和硼的干扰问题，克服了粉末压片制样无法消除的粒度效应和矿物效应，提高了测量准确度，精密度和检出限与前人方法相比也有一定改进；与高压密闭酸溶法相比，简化了样品前处理步骤，缩短了前处理时间，具有简便、快速的优势，适用于多种不同类型电气石样品的测定，有一定的推广应用价值。
本法由于使用硼酸盐作为熔剂，不能完成电气石重要组分B2O3的检测。选择适宜的非硼酸盐熔剂进行样品制备，实现XRF法测定电气石中的B2O3，还需进一步研究。
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