矽卡岩型铁矿的铁质来源与迁移富集机理探讨
Study on Source, Transport and the Enrichment Mechanism of Iron in Iron Skarn Deposits
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摘要: 矽卡岩型铁矿是我国最重要的富铁矿类型,其铁质来源及迁移富集机理是目前最核心、也最具争议的问题之一。本文在矽卡岩矿床复杂性和多成因性研究的基础上,对浅部铁质活化、迁移和富集机理进行整理归纳,建立了流程图;分别探讨了不同类矽卡岩型铁矿铁质的最大可能来源,认为与中酸性侵入体有关的该类铁矿,铁质主要源于浅部侵入岩;与酸性侵入体有关的该类铁矿,矿床附近的原始赋铁层位可能提供了大量铁质。但并非所有与酸性岩有关的此类铁床附近都存在赋铁地层,故本文对铁质深部来源的可能性进行了探讨,结合"岩浆矽卡岩-富碱侵入岩对"的概念,提出了全新的深部铁质活化、运移和富集的可能模式,即深部岩浆同化钙质岩石融离出的富铁矿浆上升并运移到浅部侵入岩与碳酸盐岩的接触带附近,与该系统中的热液相遇并反应,热液吸收矿浆中的铁质生成富铁的复合热液,后复合热液在接触带因物理化学条件的剧变而沉淀成矿。Abstract: Iron skarn deposits are of global concern, due to its complicated metallogenic mechanism. It is also one of the most important types of high-grade iron deposits in China. The source, transportation and enrichment mechanism of iron plays an important role in the study of iron skarn deposits, which are highly controversial at present. Based on the compilation of recent studies, the complex and polygenetic characteristics of iron skarn deposits are described in this paper, the transport and precipitation process of iron is summarized and a process flowchart has been constructed. Then the most possible iron sources in different kinds of iron skarn deposits are then. Above all, it was found that the deposits related to intermediate-acid intrusion and probably gained their iron from shallow intrusions. Many cases showed that most of the iron probably came from iron-rich strata nearby for those skarn deposits that related to acid intrusion. However, not all of this type of skarn deposits were hosted in iron-rich strata. Therefore, the possibility of deep iron source is also discussed. Combined with the theory of magmatic skarn and the cogenetic alkali-rich intrusion, it is proposed that the possible model is on the activation of deep source iron, transportation and enrichment process. The iron enriched ore pulp, derived by the assimilation of deep magma and calcic rocks, was transported to the aureole between shallow intrusion and carbonates. The ore pulp met the hydrothermal fluid to form iron enriched complex hydrothermal fluid, which precipitated the iron ores with the change of physical and chemical conditions in the aureole.
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