色谱法在稀土元素分离分析研究中的应用进展
Application Progress of Chromatography in the Separation and Determination of Rare Earth Elements
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摘要: 稀土作为一种重要的不可再生资源,在各行业的应用正逐渐被人们所重视。色谱技术以其快速、高效、自动化程度高等优势已成为稀土元素分离分析的主要方法。文章总结了纸色谱法、薄层色谱法、气相色谱法、超临界色谱法、高效液相色谱法、毛细管电泳法等色谱法在稀土元素分离分析中的应用及研究概况。其中,纸色谱法因展开时间过长,分离效果不理想已很少应用;薄层色谱法因其操作方便、设备简单、显色容易等优点,可用于稀土元素分离分析的初步检测;气相色谱法由于对样品热稳定性的限制,以及因常用的β-二酮类稀土螯合物配体存在分辨率差和吸附等问题也很少应用;超临界色谱法在分离稀土元素络合物中分离效果较好,但是仪器难以普及,限制了技术的发展;高效液相色谱法因分离效率高、重复性好、自动化操作等优点已成为目前稀土元素分离分析的主要方法;毛细管电泳法具有高效、样品及试剂用量少、操作模式灵活等优点,在稀土元素分离分析方面更具有广阔的发展空间。Abstract: Rare earth elements (REEs) as an important non-renewable resource are attracting more and more attention in many fields of industry. Chromatographic technology has become the main method in the separation and determination of REEs due to its obvious advantages, for example, high speed of analysis, high efficiency and ease of automation. In this review, application and research of the chromatographic approaches are introduced such as Paper Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis for separation and determination of REEs. Paper Chromatography has been rarely used because of its long operation time and poor separation effect. Thin-Layer Chromatography could be used for preliminary analysis of REEs because of easy operation and simple devices. Gas Chromatography has also been rarely used owing to the thermal stability limit of samples, as well as poor separation and adsorption of ligands of β-diketones. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography has been applied for the separation of complexes of REEs, but its application is limited by expensive and complicated instruments. High Performance Liquid Chromatography has currently become a main method for separation and determination of REEs because of its automatic operation, good repeatability, and good separation effect, etc. Capillary Electrophoresis, which has the advantages of high efficiency, less consumption of samples and reagents, and flexible operation, would provide a huge development area in separation and determination of REEs.
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