山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查及生态问题浅析
Agro-Ecological Geochemical Survey and Evaluation of Eastern Shandong Province
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摘要: 介绍了山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查、评价工作取得的一些基本成果和存在的生态地球化学问题。认为在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,表层土壤中Zn、Pb、Cu、Se、Cd、S、P、Hg、N、有机碳(OrgC)等元素或指标含量明显大于深层土壤;该区总体上地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的0.13%,主要分布在矿集区和城镇周边,超标元素为Cd、Cr、Ni、Hg。浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量水平,部分水样的总硬度、溶解性总固体、NO2-、F-含量超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题是:山地丘陵区土壤pH值低;沿海地带土地贫瘠;局部表层土壤重金属明显富集,已对农作物安全产生影响。认为人类活动(采金污染、城市化、工业化发展等)和自然地质背景作用是引起该研究区局部土壤重金属富集的重要原因。Abstract: The main results of agro-ecological geochemical survey and evaluation of Eastern Shandong Province are presented. The results indicate that contents of Zn, Pb, Cu, Se, Cd, S, P, Hg, N, Org C, etc. are strongly present in topsoil instead of deep stratum, probably due to the effect of hypergenesis and human activities. In summary, the geochemical environment quality is good on the basis that only 0.13% of the total are Ⅲ type and worse than Ⅲ type soils, in which are adjacent to mining areas and cities. However, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Hg were worse than the quality standards. Most elements or indices of shallow ground water were within the natural background concentrations. The total hardness, total dissolved solids, NO2- and F- in parts of shallow groundwater samples were above the permitted levels for drinking water standards, which were not suitable for drinking. The existent ecological geochemical problems in this area were mainly: low pH values of soil in hilly lands, barren soils of coastal areas, and serious heavy metals pollution in topsoil in some areas. The main reasons for enrichment of heavy metals in parts of the study area were human activities, such as mining, urbanization, industrialization, and geological background weathering.
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Keywords:
- ecological /
- geochemistry /
- environment /
- quality
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