Abstract: According to the soil type and landscape unit, carbon density and carbon storage of surface soil were calculated based on total carbon data of surface soil from Liaohe River Basin in multi-purpose regional geochemical survey of Liaoning Province. The distribution of carbon density and carbon storage were discussed. The distribution of carbon storage in surface soil of Liao River Basin is proportional to the areas of soil type and landscape unit, the distribution of carbon density of soil were closely related with the city size and the content of organic matter in soil. The amount of carbon storage in surface soil of meadow and plain landscape unit was maximum, and that of black hill and mountain landform was minimum. From the soil type, the carbon density of paddy soil is the highest, the carbon density of sandy soil is the lowest. From the geomorphological units, the carbon density of soil in mountain and hilly area is the highest, and the carbon density of soil in low montain and hill regions is the lowest. The study on carbon density of soil can provide the reference data for exploration of carbon sequestration potential of soil in China.