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石英阴极发光在火成岩研究中的应用

The Application of Quartz Cathodoluminescence in Study of Igneous Rock

  • 摘要: 阴极发光是一种研究火成岩石英显微生长结构的有效技术方法。文章以甲玛斑岩铜矿床中岩体样品分析为例,简要介绍了光学显微镜阴极发光(OM-CL)和扫描电镜阴极发光(SEM-CL)两种图片的特点,并综述了石英阴极发光在火成岩研究中的应用。阴极发光所显示出的火成岩石英中的生长形式和蚀变结构反映了岩浆的结晶历史。相对稳定的以蓝色阴极发光为主的斑晶区域主要与石英中Ti含量的变化有关,它反映了结晶作用的温度。由于在岩浆演化过程中,与铝、锂、钾、锗、硼、铁、磷相比,钛更加相容,因此随着岩浆分异程度的加深,火成岩中铝/钛逐渐升高。石英阴极发光不仅能显示岩浆早期及岩浆晚期的各种结构,如生长环带、重熔表面、溶蚀湾等,还反映了许多次生结构,如显微裂隙等。这些现象在光学显微镜下难以观察区分。晶体的显微结构提供了熔体来源和演化的重要信息。将石英结构和熔融包裹体与微量元素研究相结合反映了岩浆演化详细的PTt轨迹,它是富硅酸盐岩浆演化过程中物理-化学条件改变的敏感指示剂。

     

    Abstract: Cathodoluminescence is an effective technical method for studying microstructure of igneous quartz. By taking granite porphyry from the Jiama Porphyry Copper Deposit in Tibet for example, this paper briefly introduces the image characteristics of scanning electron microscope cathodoluminescence (SEMCL) and optical microscope cathodoluminescence (OMCL), and summarized the application of quartz cathodoluminescence in study of igneous rock. The relatively stable and bluedominant CL of zoned phenocrysts is principally related to variation of Ti content in quartz, which is a function of the crystallization temperature. The Al/Ti ratio of igneous quartz increases with progressive magma differentiation, as Ti is more compatible, compared to Al, Li, K, Ge, B, Fe, P during magma evolution. CL does not only show the various structures of earlymagmatic quartz and latemagmatic quartz, such as growth zone boundaries, resorption surfaces and growth embayment, it also reveals secondary CL structures of quartz (e.g. microfracturing). It is difficult to observe these phenomena by general optical microscopes. The microstructures of crystals provide important information of melt source and evolution. Combining the study of trace elements along with the analysis of quartz textures and melt inclusion inventories may reveal detailed PTt paths of magma evolution. This study shows that quartz is a sensitive indicator for physicchemical condition changes during the evolution of silicarich magma.

     

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