南中国海海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量及分布特征

周涛; 韩彬; 徐亚岩; 刘新民; 郑立; 王小如

南中国海海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量及分布特征

周涛^1,2,,
韩彬^1,3, ,,
徐亚岩³,
刘新民²,
郑立¹,
王小如¹

1.
国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，山东青岛 266061
2.
青岛科技大学化工学院，山东青岛 266042
3.
农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室，上海 200090

基金项目:

海洋工程排污费和海洋废弃物倾倒费成本性支出 BJ02-201201

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金 2013G11

农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室开放课题 K201208

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2013G11)；农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室开放课题(K201208)，海洋工程排污费和海洋废弃物倾倒费成本性支出(BJ02-201201)

详细信息

作者简介:
周涛，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋有机污染物分析技术研究。E-mail： taozhou_1989@126.com

通讯作者:
韩彬，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事海洋有机污染物分析技术研究。E-mail: hanbin@fio.org.cn

中图分类号: P734.4; S482.32; O625.21; O657.71
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-09-18
- 录用日期: 2013-11-06
- 发布日期: 2013-12-31

Concentrations and Distribution Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Seawaters of the South Sea

tao Zhou^1,2,,
bin Han^1,3, ,,
yayan Xu³,
xinmin Liu²,
li Zheng¹,
xiaoru Wang¹

1.
Marine Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China
2.
College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China

摘要

摘要: 近年来，随着沿海化工生产基地的大量投入运营及海上危险化学品运输业的日益增长，海洋生态环境受到严重威胁，我国海洋环境中持久性有机污染物如有机氯农药及多氯联苯在近海环境中普遍检出。为了对南中国海水体中持久性有机污染物的污染现状有所了解，本文利用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)对南中国海海水中的15种有机氯农药和多氯联苯进行测定，两类化合物各检出6种。采用外标法进行定量分析，结果显示：调查海域表层海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度范围分别为0～92.30 ng/L和1.16～76.24 ng/L，200 m层海水中分别为0～69.85 ng/L和0～49.63 ng/L，500 m层海水中分别为0～56.68 ng/L和0～26.47 ng/L。由此可看出，该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量分布特征大致呈现为：表层>200 m层>500 m层，原因可能是污染源主要来自周围地表径流或大气输入，且随着时间的推移污染物吸附于悬浮体由表层向下层迁移。与国内外相关海洋环境中有机农药及多氯联苯含量水平相比较，南中国海海水中有机农药和多氯联苯的含量低于国内大部分水域，但高于国外已知海洋水体中的含量。南中国海中有机农药和多氯联苯含量和分布特征的取得为下一步对海洋环境的研究和保护工作提供了基础数据。
- 南中国海 /
- 有机氯农药 /
- 多氯联苯 /
- 分布特征 /
- 气相色谱法
Abstract: In recent years, with the operation of coastal chemical production bases and booming maritime transportation of dangerous chemicals, there are threats to the marine environment. Persistent organic pollutants, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), have been detected in the offshore marine environment. In order to understand the pollution status of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the South China Sea, 15 PCBs and OCPs in seawater from the South China Sea were quantitatively determined by using Gas Chromatography- Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Six kinds of OCPs and six kinds of PCBs were detected in these seawater samples. Using an external standard method for quantitative analysis, the detection limits were 0.24-1.07 ng/L, the linear range of the method was 1.0-250 ng/L. The recoveries for blanks were in the range of 89.1% to 109.7% with the relative standard deviations of 2.3%-8.6% and the recoveries for the samples were in the range of 90.1% to 113.5% with the relative standard deviations of 3.1%-10.4%. The results show that the concentration ranges of OCPs and PCBs were 0-92.30 ng/L and 1.16-76.24 ng/L respectively in the surface seawater, 0-69.85 ng/L and 0-49.63 ng/L in seawater from the depth of 200 m, and 0-56.68 ng/L and 0-26.47 ng/L in seawater from the depth of 500 m. The distribution of the contents of OCPs and PCBs tend to be highest in surface water, and lower in 200 m depth layer, and lowest in 500 m depth layer. The main possible pollutant sources are nearby surface runoff and atmospheric input. The pollutants were absorbed by suspended substances and transported from surface to deep seawater column. The detected OCPs and PCBs levels in the South China Sea are lower than those in other offshore marine environments in China, but higher than those in other countries with published data. The concentrations and distribution characteristics of OCPs and PCBs in the South China Sea, provide basic data for future research.
- the South China Sea /
- organochlorine pesticides /
- polychlorinated biphenyls /
- distribution characteristics /
- Gas Chromatography

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不久前，友人发来一封邮件，谈及最近阅读有感。其中有这样一段文字颇值得玩味：当布里斯班的灯鱼轻轻划过五彩斑斓的珊瑚丛时，你在苦战通宵；当蒙巴萨的小蟹溜出渔夫布满老茧的掌心时，你正辗转难眠；当布拉格的电车晃过金色夕阳下的古堡宫殿，你正埋头冥思着软件代码之逻辑……

如若自己此时做了个渔夫，是不是也正大江中一叶扁舟，自在来去？

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在线分析和现场分析一直是地质实验测试技术的重要发展方向之一。本期“有机污染物稳定同位素在线测试技术研究”(P192~202)、“现场X射线荧光分析技术”(P203~212)、“地下水硝酸盐¹⁵N和¹⁸O同位素在线测试技术研究”(P311~318)分别从总体进展和实际应用方面对在线和现场分析技术及其应用作了诠释。

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了解、认知、掌控未知世界的每一个细节，是我们遥远的梦想。对于科学真谛的不懈探索和艰苦追寻过程，是我们平日里最朴素的生活。我们崇尚辛勤的劳动和无私付出，崇尚自由平凡和知足的生活。

新的一年，愿您拥有最朴素的生活和最遥远的梦想！

主编：罗立强

2013年2月18日

贵州雨谷村

图 1 南中国海采样站位图

Figure 1. Sampling stations in the South China Sea

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图 2 OCPs及PCBs混合标准色谱图(50 μg/L)

1—α-HCH; 2—β-HCH; 3—γ-HCH; 4—δ-HCH; 5—PCB 28; 6—PCB 52; 7—PCB 101; 8—p,p′-DDD; 9—PCB 118; 10—p,p′-DDE; 11—o,p′-DDT; 12—PCB 138; 13—p,p′-DDT; 14—PCB 153; 15—PCB 180。

Figure 2. Chromatogram of OCPs and PCBs standards (50 μg/L)

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表 1 南中国海各站位表层海水中OCPs的含量

Table 1 Concentrations of OCPs in the surface seawater at the stations of the South China Sea

站位	ρ/(ng·L^-1)
站位	α-HCH	β-HCH	γ-HCH	δ-HCH	p,p′-DDD	p,p′-DDE	p,p′-DDT	o,p′-DDT	∑OCPs
A07	N.D.	43.48	31.08	14.80	N.D.	N.D.	2.93	5.10	92.30
B03	N.D.	N.D.	0.771	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.67	N.D.	1.44
B05	N.D.	N.D.	14.32	8.68	N.D.	10.72	15.39	11.02	60.14
B07	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.55	1.55
C03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.72	N.D.	1.72
C05	N.D.	3.53	20.01	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.86	6.67	31.07
D01	N.D.	0.29	0.57	N.D.	N.D.	20.79	53.77	N.D.	75.42
D03	N.D.	8.95	4.94	1.89	N.D.	6.02	13.26	N.D.	35.06
D05	N.D.	45.80	4.21	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	5.33	0.62	55.97
E01	N.D.	N.D.	1.11	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.29	N.D.	1.40
E03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
E05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	7.88	N.D.	7.88
检出率/%	0.00	41.67	66.67	25.00	0.00	25.00	83.33	41.67	-
注：“N.D.” 表示该项未检出；“- ” 表示无此项，下表同。

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表 2 南中国海各站位200 m层海水中OCPs的含量

Table 2 Concentrations of OCPs in the 200 m depth water at the stations of the South China Sea

站位	ρ/(ng·L^-1)
站位	α-HCH	β-HCH	γ-HCH	δ-HCH	p,p′-DDD	p,p′-DDE	p,p′-DDT	o,p′-DDT	∑OCPs
A07	N.D.	12.28	6.11	6.28	N.D.	6.72	7.76	N.D.	39.14
B03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.70	N.D.	1.70
B05	N.D.	7.77	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	7.77
B07	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	2.62	N.D.	2.62
C05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	2.05	N.D.	2.05
D01	N.D.	38.18	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	7.54	N.D.	45.72
D03	N.D.	41.23	4.58	2.75	N.D.	21.29	N.D.	N.D.	69.85
D05	N.D.	N.D.	16.38	3.86	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	21.60	41.84
E01	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	2.87	N.D.	2.87
E03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	4.74	N.D.	4.74
E05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
检出率/%	0.00	36.36	27.27	27.27	0.00	18.18	72.73	9.09	-

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表 3 南中国海各站位500 m层海水中OCPs的含量

Table 3 Concentrations of OCPs in the 500 m depth water at the stations of the South China Sea

站位	ρ/(ng·L^-1)
站位	α-HCH	β-HCH	γ-HCH	δ-HCH	p,p′-DDD	p,p′-DDE	p,p′-DDT	o,p′-DDT	∑OCPs
A07	N.D.	35.73	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	35.73
B03	N.D.	3.18	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	7.25	N.D.	10.44
B05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.48	5.62	N.D.	7.10
B07	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	3.80	N.D.	N.D.	5.52	N.D.	9.32
C05	N.D.	1.84	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	5.53	3.58	5.24	16.19
D01	N.D.	56.68	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	56.68
D03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
D05	N.D.	2.30	17.73	4.78	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	15.74	40.55
E01	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.46	N.D.	1.46
E03	N.D.	1.74	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.19	N.D.	2.93
E05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
检出率/%	0.00	54.55	9.09	18.18	0.00	18.18	72.73	36.36	-

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表 4 南中国海各站位表层海水中PCBs的含量

Table 4 Concentrations of PCBs in the surface seawater at the stations of the South China Sea

站位	ρ/(ng·L^-1)
站位	PCB 28	PCB 52	PCB 101	PCB 118	PCB 138	PCB 153	PCB 180	∑PCBs
A07	49.98	N.D.	1.70	N.D.	1.12	1.33	1.96	56.10
B03	N.D.	N.D.	1.01	N.D.	N.D.	1.06	N.D.	2.03
B05	25.18	N.D.	24.70	4.91	N.D.	3.07	1.54	59.40
B07	N.D.	N.D.	3.31	N.D.	N.D.	1.08	N.D.	4.40
C03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.16	N.D.	1.16
C05	N.D.	N.D.	20.41	N.D.	N.D.	2.79	1.05	24.24
D01	2.77	N.D.	6.81	8.68	49.41	8.56	N.D.	76.24
D03	13.04	N.D.	5.29	1.88	7.86	5.67	1.11	34.84
D05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.37	2.32	4.01
E01	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	2.53	N.D.	2.53
E03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.24	N.D.	1.24
E05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	4.11	N.D.	4.11
检出率/%	33.33	0.00	58.37	25.00	33.31	100.00	41.67	-

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表 5 南中国海各站位200m层海水中PCBs的含量

Table 5 Concentrations of PCBs in the 200 m depth water at the stations of the South China Sea

站位	ρ/(ng·L^-1)
站位	PCB 28	PCB 52	PCB 101	PCB 118	PCB 138	PCB 153	PCB 180	∑PCBs
A07	9.78	N.D.	26.28	2.16	3.89	5.99	1.53	49.63
B03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.05	N.D.	1.05
B05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
B07	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.06	N.D.	1.06
C05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.00	N.D.	1.00
D01	N.D.	N.D.	1.55	N.D.	1.05	N.D.	N.D.	2.60
D03	3.86	N.D.	4.33	1.15	4.28	3.88	1.43	18.93
D05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	8.52	N.D.	8.52
E01	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
E03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	15.33	N.D.	15.33
E05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
检出率/%	18.18	0.00	27.27	18.18	27.27	63.64	18.18	-

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 南中国海各站位500 m层海水中PCBs的含量

Table 6 Concentrations of PCBs in the 500m depth water at the stations of the South China Sea

站位	ρ/(ng·L^-1)
站位	PCB 28	PCB 52	PCB 101	PCB 118	PCB 138	PCB 153	PCB 180	∑PCBs
A07	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
B03	9.22	N.D.	3.11	N.D.	N.D.	12.82	1.32	26.47
B05	N.D.	N.D.	1.26	N.D.	N.D.	1.22	N.D.	2.48
B07	N.D.	N.D.	3.21	2.17	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	5.38
C05	N.D.	N.D.	14.63	1.71	N.D.	2.83	N.D.	19.17
D01	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
D03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.18	1.18
D05	N.D.	N.D.	1.11	N.D.	N.D.	1.84	N.D.	2.95
E01	N.D.	N.D.	16.79	N.D.	N.D.	1.05	N.D.	17.84
E03	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	1.33	1.33
E05	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	0.00
检出率/%	9.09	0.00	54.55	18.18	0.00	45.45	27.27	-

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表 7 本文南中国测定值与其他水体的比较

Table 7 Comparison of the levels of PCBs and OCPs in the South China Sea and those in other sea areas

海域	ρ/(ng·L^-1)			采样时间	参考文献
海域	PCBs	HCHs	DDTs	采样时间	参考文献
海河	310～3110 (760)	300～1070 (660)	9～152 (76)	2004年8月	^[4]
闽江	204～2470 (985)	52～515 (206)	46.1～235 (142)	2002年9月	^[10]
渤海湾	60～710 (210)	50～750 (160)	N.D～105 (35.9)	2004年8月	^[4]
莱州湾	4.5～27.7 (5.4)	N.D～42.2 (3.246)	N.D～9.1 (2.0)	2004年9月	^[11]
桑沟湾	11.22～92.43 (36.86)	12.75～42.10 (21.49)	5.37～34.4 (18.82)	2009年3月	^[5]
大亚湾	91.1～1355.3	35.5～1230 (285)	26.8～975.9 (174.95)	1999年8月	^[12]
珠江口	0.19～7.04 (1.80)	1.38～99.7 (46.1)	5.33～9.53 (7.81)	2001年 2005年	^[13]，^[14]
白洋淀	19.46～131.6 (45.35)	300～2000 (1400)	N.D～900 (250)	1995年 2008年	^[15]，^[16]
厦门西港	0.08～1.69	3.51～27.8 (8.57)	0.95～2.25 (1.45)	1998年7月	^[17]
南波罗的海	0.24~2.07 (0.97)	0.18～0.75 (0.40)	0.05～0.32 (0.16)	2003年	^[18]
南中国海	6.55~22.20 (12.50)	12.78~14.20 (13.64)	4.55~13.29 (8.14)	2010年	本研究
注：括号内数据表示平均值。