辽河流域沈阳段地下水中典型内分泌干扰物的污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Typical Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in the Groundwater of the Shenyang Section of the Liaohe River Basin

  • 摘要: 地下水中的内分泌干扰物(EDCs)对生态系统和人类健康可能构成潜在威胁,尤其是通过饮用水途径。为研究辽河流域沈阳段地下水中典型EDCs的污染情况、空间分布及健康风险,本文采集93组地下水样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)、液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)测定莠去津、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、克百威三种典型EDCs含量,运用改进的内梅罗综合指数法对EDCs进行污染评价,采用主成分分析法对EDCs污染来源进行解析,根据《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》评价三种EDCs的健康风险。结果表明:三种EDCs的样品总检出率为25.8%,莠去津(21.51%)>DEHP(5.38%)>克百威(2.15%),浅层地下水中EDCs检出率高于深层地下水。研究区改进内梅罗综合污染等级为Ⅰ级,属轻微污染。EDCs空间分布呈现出显著区域差异特征,多分布于工业活动密集区与农业区交界地带。主成分源解析结果揭示莠去津和克百威的污染来源为农业生产活动,DEHP污染则为农业生产活动及工业生产活动共同作用的结果。健康风险评价结果表明,三种EDCs对成人及儿童的总致癌风险指数均<1×10−6,无致癌风险,总非致癌健康风险指数均<1,在可接受范围内,无非致癌健康风险。

     

    Abstract: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in groundwater may pose potential threats to the ecosystem and human health, especially through the drinking water pathway. There are no reports on the pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of typical EDCs in the groundwater of the Shenyang section of the Liaohe River Basin. In order to study the pollution situation, spatial distribution and health risks of typical EDCs in the groundwater of the Shenyang section of the Liaohe River Basin, 93 groups of groundwater samples were collected. The contents of three typical EDCs, namely atrazine, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and carbofuran, were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The pollution of EDCs was evaluated by the improved Nemerow comprehensive index method. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the pollution sources of EDCs. The health risks of the three EDCs were evaluated according to Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure. The results showed that the total detection rate of the three EDCs was 25.8%, with atrazine (21.51%)>DEHP (5.38%)>carbofuran (2.15%), and the detection rate of EDCs in shallow groundwater was higher than that in deep groundwater. The improved Nemerow comprehensive pollution grade in the study area was Grade I, indicating slight pollution. The spatial distribution of EDCs showed significant regional differences, mostly distributed in the junction zone between the densely industrialized areas and agricultural areas. The results of principal component source analysis revealed that the pollution sources of atrazine and carbofuran were agricultural production activities, while the pollution of DEHP was the result of the combined effects of agricultural and industrial production activities. The results of health risk assessment showed that the total carcinogenic risk indices of the three EDCs for both adults and children were <1×10−6, indicating no carcinogenic risk, and the total non-carcinogenic health risk indices were all <1, within the acceptable range, indicating no non-carcinogenic health risk. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202502020015.

     

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