Abstract: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals widely present in water and soil media with industrial and commercial applications. PFAS has attracted global attention due to its toxicity and bioaccumulation, and its precise identification and quantitative detection are of great significance for pollution prevention and control. This article reviews the latest research progress on pre-treatment methods, detection techniques, and screening methods for PFAS in different media. Analyzed the advantages, disadvantages, and development directions of mainstream extraction techniques and detection methods for PFAS. The system summarizes quantifiable detection standards and key indicator characteristics at home and abroad, explores the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of targeted and non targeted screening methods, and focuses on analyzing the characteristics and development prospects of two non targeted screening technologies, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and total PFAS analysis. It is recommended to develop a rapid screening tool for total organic fluorine, develop pre-treatment techniques suitable for different sample matrices, and enrich the PFAS database to provide reference for accurate identification and rapid quantification of PFAS in diverse environments in the future.