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水环境中新污染物快速检测技术研究进展

于开宁, 王润忠, 刘丹丹

于开宁,王润忠,刘丹丹. 水环境中新污染物快速检测技术研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试,2023,42(6):1063−1077. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202302080018
引用本文: 于开宁,王润忠,刘丹丹. 水环境中新污染物快速检测技术研究进展[J]. 岩矿测试,2023,42(6):1063−1077. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202302080018
YU Kaining,WANG Runzhong,LIU Dandan. A Review of Rapid Detections for Emerging Contaminants in Groundwater[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis,2023,42(6):1063−1077. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202302080018
Citation: YU Kaining,WANG Runzhong,LIU Dandan. A Review of Rapid Detections for Emerging Contaminants in Groundwater[J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis,2023,42(6):1063−1077. DOI: 10.15898/j.ykcs.202302080018

水环境中新污染物快速检测技术研究进展

基金项目: 河北省高校生态环境地质应用技术研发中心开放基金项目(JSYF-Z202103);中国地质调查局地质调查项目 (DD20230456)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    于开宁,博士,教授,主要从事水文地质、环境地质方面的研究。E-mail:1211931193@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    刘丹丹,博士,副研究员,长期从事地下水污染调查评价工作。E-mail:Liudandan@mail.cgs.gov.cn

  • 中图分类号: X832;X52

A Review of Rapid Detections for Emerging Contaminants in Groundwater

  • 摘要:

    国内外广泛关注的新污染物主要包括抗生素、内分泌干扰物、全氟或多氟化合物等污染物质,这些污染物通过径流、扩散、渗透等多种途径进入水体环境。由于新污染物多具有生物累积性、生物毒性及环境持久性等特征,对水生生物、人体健康和生态安全构成潜在威胁,存在环境风险,因此,国家对其污染现状开始进行调查。随着中国新污染物污染状况调查评价工作的开展,快速、灵敏的检测方法成为研究热点。本文基于近年文献重点评述了水环境中新污染物的检测方法,并对方法的性能和优缺点作了对比。结果表明:①目前新污染物的检测方法以大型仪器检测方法为主。仪器检测方法的检测浓度低、精度高,对设备的要求高,从采样到测试分析得到结果的周期长,不适用于新污染物的现场快速检测。②传感检测技术和免疫分析技术逐步应用于新污染物的快速检测。其中电化学传感器和酶联免疫分析法相对成熟,应用较多,具有设备简单、检测时间短,灵敏度和精确度良好等优点,可开展现场快速检测。本文认为,①快速检测技术多针对单一污染物进行检测,而实现同时检测多种污染物质还需进一步研究;②多种检测技术相结合可以达到更好的检测效果,是未来新污染物检测的发展方向;③利用新型材料改良检测方法、降低检出限、提高灵敏度和精确度实现新污染物快速检测是未来研究的难点和重点。

  • 图  1   传感器检测原理示意图

    Figure  1.   Principle diagram of sensor detection.

    图  2   免疫检测原理示意图

    Figure  2.   Principle diagram of immunoassay detection.

    表  1   仪器检测技术可检测抗生素种类及其性能

    Table  1   The antibiotics types and performance of instrument detection technology that can be detected.

    检测方法 仪器设备 可检测抗生素种类 检出限 RSD(%) 参考文献
    毛细管电泳
    (CE)
    高效毛细管电泳仪 磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类等 0.4~1.0μg/L 1718
    高效液相色谱法
    (HPLC)
    高效液相色谱-
    串联质谱仪
    磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、四环素类、
    氯霉素类等七大类
    0.06~2.28ng/L 19
    高效液相色谱-串联
    紫外/荧光检测器
    磺胺类、喹诺酮类、氯霉素类等 4.2~22.8μg/L 20
    液相色谱-质谱联用法
    (LC-MS)
    液相色谱-串联质谱仪 磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、
    四环素类等
    0.15~0.9ng/L 0.36~2.25 2122
    液相色谱仪;
    三重四极杆质谱仪
    磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、
    四环素类等
    1.2~15ng/L <22 23
    高效液相色谱-串联质谱法
    (HPLC-MS/MS)
    三重四级杆质谱仪;
    高效液相色谱仪
    磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、
    头孢霉素类等
    0.0056~3.9675ng/L <11 2425
    高效液相色谱-
    串联质谱仪
    喹诺酮类 0.1μg/L 0.71~12.80 26
    超高效液相色谱-
    串联质谱法
    (UPLC-MS/MS)
    超高效液相色谱仪;
    三重四极杆质谱仪
    磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、
    四环素类、氯霉素类等七大类
    0.01~10.6ng/L ≤16 2730
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   仪器检测技术可检测内分泌干扰物种类及其性能

    Table  2   The environmental endocrine disruptors types and performance of instrument detection technology that can be detected.

    检测方法 仪器设备 可检测内分泌干扰物种类 检出限 RSD(%) 参考文献
    气相色谱-质谱
    联用法
    (GC-MS)
    气相色谱-质谱仪 类固醇类、酚类等 0.5~140ng/L 2.54~5.36 31
    高效液相色谱法
    (HPLC)
    高效液相色谱仪-串联荧光检测器 三氯生、β-雌二醇、壬基酚和4-辛基酚 1.1~1.9ng/L 3233
    高效液相色谱仪 邻苯二甲酸二丁(辛)酯 0.1μg/L <4.47 34
    高效液相色谱仪-串联二极管阵列检测器 三氯生、三氯卡班和甲基三氯生 0.05~0.2μg/L <10 35
    高效液相色谱-
    串联质谱法
    (HPLC-MS/MS)
    高效液相色谱仪;质谱仪 对乙酰氨基酚等17种 0.07~1.88ng/L 36
    高效液相色谱系统;
    三重四极杆质谱仪
    黄体酮代谢物、类固醇类、酚类等 0.02~50ng/L <15 3739
    超高效液相色谱
    串联质谱法
    (UPLC-MS/MS)
    超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪 雌激素类、雄激素类、肾上腺皮质激素类、
    酚类和非甾类激素类等
    0.05~2.00ng/L 0.99~12.0 4041
    超高效液相色谱系统;三重四极杆质谱仪 酚类、黄体酮等 0.03ng/L~5.0μg/L ≤11.6 4244
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   仪器检测技术可检测全氟化合物种类及其性能

    Table  3   The perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances types and performance of instrument detection technology that can be detected.

    检测方法 仪器设备 可检测全氟化合物种类 检出限 RSD(%) 参考文献
    气相色谱-质谱
    联用法
    (GC-MS)
    气相色谱-质谱仪 中性全氟烷基化合物、
    全氟羧酸化合物等
    0.02ng/L~1.5μg/L <14.5 46-47
    液相色谱-质谱联用法
    (LC-MS/MS)
    液相色谱仪;
    三重四极杆质谱仪
    全氟辛烷磺酸等22种以上
    全氟烷基化合物
    0.16~5.13ng/L 3~18 48-49
    高效液相色谱-串联质谱法
    (HPLC-MS/MS)
    高效液相色谱仪;质谱仪 全氟辛烷磺酸等21种全氟化合物 0.01~0.08ng/L 1.1~11.2 50
    超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法
    (UPLC-MS/MS)
    超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆
    质谱仪
    全氟羧酸、全氟磺酸、全氟醚羧酸等
    57种以上全氟化合物
    0.01ng/L~0.1μg/L 0.4~23.0 51-53
    超高效液相色谱-质谱仪 全氟丁烷磺酸、全氟辛酸和全氟
    辛烷磺酸等16种以上全氟化合物
    0.06ng/L~0.25μg/L 2.1~9.19 54-56
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   水中新污染物传感检测技术优缺点对比

    Table  4   Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of emerging contaminants sensor detection methods for water samples.

    传感检测技术 优点 缺点
    电化学传感 操作简单,成本低廉,分析速度快,仪器体积小,
    易携带,适用于现场检测
    检出限较高,电极构造耗时、繁琐,电极易被污染,
    需定期更换电极
    光学传感 操作简单,成本低,可实时检测 灵敏度一般,容易受环境干扰,使用寿命较短,
    大多只能对特定污染物进行检测
    生物传感 操作简单,费用低,适用于批量样品快速筛选 易受到水样中其他物质干扰,专一性和精确度不足
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   不同类别新污染物可选择的快速检测方法总结

    Table  5   Summary of emerging contaminants that can be detected by rapid detection methods.

    快速检测技术分类 方法名称 抗生素类 全氟化合物类 内分泌干扰物类
    传感检测技术 电化学传感
    光学传感
    生物传感
    免疫检测技术 酶联免疫分析法
    免疫层析法
    其他快速检测技术 平面波导免疫传感器
    荧光免疫生物传感器
    阵列倏逝波荧光传感器
    单扫描极谱
    原位显色反应
    注:“−”表示该类新污染物不涉及。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-02-07
  • 修回日期:  2023-05-09
  • 录用日期:  2023-09-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-12-07
  • 刊出日期:  2023-12-30

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