Relationship between Lotus Root Quality and Geochemical Conditions in the Xinken Lotus Root Producing Area of Guangzhou
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摘要: 名优特农产品品质与产区环地质背景条件密切相关。广州新垦莲藕是国家地理标志产品，探讨其产区地质背景与莲藕品质的关系对于新垦莲藕的规模化种植有重要意义。本文通过系统采集新垦莲藕产地藕塘底泥、地表水、新鲜莲藕样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法（ICP-MS/OES）等多种技术进行测试，开展品质评价研究，初步揭示了新垦莲藕品质与产区环境地球化学条件之间的相关性。研究结果表明：藕塘底泥中营养元素锰、锌、钼、钴、钒、铁均处在一等（丰富）等级，硒以适量和高硒等级为主，重金属铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值；藕塘地表水中铜、锌、硒、硼、汞、镉、砷、六价铬、铅、镍等指标均满足灌溉水质要求；产出的新垦莲藕淀粉、可溶性糖、钾、磷、钙、镁、铁、锌、硒的含量较高，重金属和粗纤维含量较低；莲藕对底泥中不同元素生物富集系数平均值范围为0.0484~65.67，对磷的富集能力最强，对锗的富集能力最弱。藕塘底泥中硼与莲藕中淀粉显著正相关（p≤0.05），钙与蛋白质显著性正相关，砷与可溶性糖显著负相关。藕塘底泥中硼钴铁镁锰钒钙锗的含量较高，有利于莲藕营养组分的积累，产出高品质的莲藕。本文提出在种植过程中重视有机质、钙、氮和锗等养分的补充，关注镉和砷带来的潜在生态安全风险。要点
(1) 系统采集和测试评价了新垦莲藕藕塘底泥、地表水及莲藕中的组分信息特征。
(2) 新垦莲藕生长的水土环境总体较为清洁，重金属含量较低；底泥营养元素丰富，硼钴铁镁锰钒钙锗含量高，利于莲藕营养组分的积累。
(3) 新垦莲藕对营养元素的吸收富集能力大于对重金属的吸收富集能力。
HIGHLIGHTS(1) Chemical compositions of sediment, surface water and fresh lotus root in the Xinken area were systematically analyzed.
(2) The sediment and water environment of Xinken lotus root is generally clean, with low heavy metal contents and rich nutrient elements in sediment. The contents of B, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, V, Ca and Ge in the sediment are high, which is beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in lotus root.
(3) The absorption and enrichment capacity of Xinken lotus root for nutrient elements is greater than that for heavy metals.
Abstract:BACKGROUNDEnvironmental geochemical conditions affect the quality of famous and special agricultural products. Xinken lotus root is the national product of geographical indication. Exploring the relationship between the geological background of the production area and the quality of lotus root is of great significance to the large-scale planting of Xinken lotus root.OBJECTIVESTo reveal the correlation between the quality of lotus root and the environmental geochemical characteristics in the producing area.METHODSSediment, surface water and fresh lotus root in the Xinken area were systematically sampled and analyzed.RESULTSThe concentrations of nutrients, i.e., Mn, Zn, Mo, Co, V and Fe, in the sediment of the lotus root pond were high, in the first grade (rich) level. Selenium was mainly in proper amounts and high selenium grade. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were lower than those of the soil pollution risk threshold of agricultural land. Cu, Zn, Se, B, Hg, Cd, As, Cr(Ⅵ), Pb and Ni in surface water of the lotus pond met the requirement for irrigation water quality. The lotus root was rich in starch, soluble sugar, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Se, and the contents of heavy metals and crude fiber were low. The average bioaccumulation coefficients of lotus root for different elements ranged from 0.0484 to 65.67. The enrichment ability of P was the strongest and that of Ge was the weakest. There was a significant positive correlation between B and starch in lotus root pond sediment (p ≤ 0.05), between Ca and protein, while a significant negative correlation between As and soluble sugar. The contents of B, Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, V, Ca and Ge in the sediment of the lotus pond were high, which was beneficial to the accumulation of nutrients in lotus root, and thus production of safe and high-quality lotus roots.CONCLUSIONSImportance should be attached to the supplement of organic matter, Ca, N and Ge in the lotus pond during the planting process and more attention to the potential ecological security risks caused by Cd and As.
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斑岩铜矿作为最重要的铜矿类型之一，为世界提供了50%以上的金属铜资源[1]。自斑岩铜矿概念提出后，众多地质矿产学者对斑岩铜矿进行了大量的研究工作。前人在斑岩铜矿形成大地构造背景[2-4]、成矿斑岩特征[3-5]、斑岩铜矿与埃达克岩关系[3-4, 6-7]、斑岩铜矿中金属来源[3, 8]、成矿流体特征[8-9]等方面取得重大成果。研究表明，斑岩型铜(金或钼)成矿体系倾向于出现在线性的、典型的平行造山带中，它们与钙碱性岩基和火山链一起，常产于板块汇聚边缘活动俯冲带之上的岩浆弧中。斑岩铜(金或钼)成矿体系在空间上常与中性-酸性成分的同岩浆来源的钙碱性火山岩相关联。
乌努格吐山斑岩型铜钼矿床位于额尔古纳—呼伦断裂北西侧(图 1)，是中国东北地区最为重要的斑岩型铜钼矿床之一，也是中国探明的第四大铜钼伴生矿床。前人对该矿床的地质特征[10]、成岩成矿年代学[11-19]、岩石地球化学[14, 16-18]、围岩蚀变[20]、矿石矿物特征[20]、稳定同位素[14, 16-18]、流体包裹体[14, 21]等方面开展了大量的工作。其中，对围岩和成矿母岩进行了许多同位素年代学研究，包括绢云母K-Ar和Ar-Ar、全岩Rb-Sr、锆石U-Pb等测年方法。然而，由于前人研究时的采样对象、测试方法、实验室的标准和精度均有区别，所取得的年龄存在较大差异，进而导致对岩石成因和形成背景也存在不同的认识。本文在系统地质调查的基础上，选取了蚀变较弱的赋矿围岩不等粒二长花岗岩和成矿母岩流纹质碎斑熔岩的样品，通过LA(MC)-ICP-MS方法对锆石U-Pb同位素、微量元素和Lu-Hf同位素进行研究，精确限定了赋矿围岩和成矿母岩的形成时代，查明了岩浆岩的成因和源区特征。
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1. 地质概况
乌努格吐山斑岩型铜钼矿床大地构造位置上位于北东向额尔古纳—呼伦断裂的北西侧之额尔古纳地块西部。区域地层由老到新主要为古生代泥盆系，中生代侏罗系、白垩系，以及新生界[14](图 1)。区域构造受额尔古纳—呼伦深断裂的影响，主要构造线为北东向[11, 13]。本区岩浆活动频繁，时代分为海西晚期、燕山早期和燕山晚期，而以燕山早期为最广泛[22]。
矿区地层出露较为简单，主要为泥盆系上统乌奴耳组和第四系全新统，其岩性与区域上基本一致。矿区内岩浆岩较为发育，主要形成于燕山早期和燕山晚期。区域性北东向额尔古纳—呼伦深断裂位于矿区东南约25km处，受其影响，次一级断裂构造十分发育。赋矿围岩和成矿母岩的成岩时代及岩石成因研究可以对成矿作用有所启示。
2. 实验部分
2.1 实验样品
在系统野外地质调查的基础上，结合前人在该地区的岩浆岩研究成果，选择赋矿围岩不等粒二长花岗岩(WS05)和成矿母岩流纹质碎斑熔岩(WS02)进行锆石U-Pb同位素和Hf同位素进行研究，所选取的样品较为新鲜且蚀变较弱，采样位置具体见图 1。
不等粒二长花岗岩(WS05)手标本呈显浅灰色，具不等粒花岗结构，块状构造；岩石蚀变较弱，以绿泥石化为主，并发生较弱的矿化(图 2中a、b)。主要组成矿物为斜长石、钾长石、石英，黑云母仅保留假像。斜长石约占35%~45%，呈半自形-近半自形板状，粒径为0.2~2.0mm；聚片双晶多较细密平直，为更长石，可见交代港湾结构等；常发育绢云母化、高岭土化等。钾长石约占35%，呈近半自形板状-他形粒状，为正长石；粒径为2~5mm，常呈杂乱状或填隙状分布，具高岭土化；粒内常见斜长石和黑云母嵌布，交代斜长石。石英约占25%，呈他形粒状，粒内具波状、斑块状消光；呈填隙状分布于长石粒间，直径小于5.0mm，常见集合体呈堆状聚集分布。黑云母约占3~5%，直径小于3.0mm，常呈叶片状零散分布，有的嵌布于钾长石粒内；发生绢云母和白云母化后常呈假像。岩石内偶见裂隙、细脉、锥状集合体发育，主要被石英、白云石、钾长石、白云母、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等矿物充填。
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图 2 矿区围岩及成矿母岩野外与显微照片Figure 2. Field photos and hand specimen photograph of the surrounding rock and ore-forming parent rock流纹质碎斑熔岩(WS02)手标本显浅灰色，主要为斑结构-基质霏细结构，具块状构造(图 2中c、d)。其中斑晶约占40%，基质约占60%。斑晶由长石、石英、暗色矿物构成，其中长石和暗色矿物常发生蚀变而呈假象；粒径一般0.1~4.5mm，略显方向性排列。长石多呈半自形-近半自形板状，较少量显棱角状、尖棱角状等，具绢云母化、少量石英化等主呈假像，局部见少量斜长石、钾长石残留，含量35%~40%。石英多呈自形-半自形粒状，较少量显棱角状、尖棱角状，有的具熔蚀特征，含量约15%。暗色矿物具绢云母化、白云母化等，主呈黑云母假像，少量似角闪石假像，含量3%~5%。基质主由长英质构成。长英质具霏细结构，颗粒细小，粒径一般＜0.01mm，少量0.01~0.03mm，略具定向特征，具较明显绢云母化，含量约45%。岩内较多见由石英、白云石、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、少量闪锌矿、白云母等充填的细脉及裂隙，另见较少量黄铁矿、黄铜矿呈星散状交代岩石。
2.2 实验方法
2.2.1 锆石U-Pb年龄测试
锆石的分选、制靶及透反射和阴极发光(CL)由河北省区域地质调查院实验室完成，样品经常规粉碎、磁选和重选，选出高纯度锆石，在双目镜下经人工挑选出纯度在99%以上的锆石。将挑选好的锆石粘贴在环氧树脂表面，打磨抛光后露出锆石的表面，制成靶样。
锆石U-Pb年龄测试在北京锆年领航科技有限公司完成。分析仪器为Finnigan Neptune型MC-ICP MS及配套的New Wave UP213激光剥蚀系统，采用激光剥蚀多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法(MC-ICP-MS)对锆石进行U-Pb同位素分析。激光剥蚀束斑直径为25μm，剥蚀深度为20~40μm，能量密度为13~14J/cm2，频率为10Hz，激光剥蚀物以氦为载气进入Neptune，利用动态变焦扩大色散可以同时接收质量数相差较大的U-Pb同位素。采用Plešovice(年龄为337±0.37Ma)[23]作为外标样进行基体校正，普通铅校正采用ComPbCorr#3.17校正程序[24]。信号较小的207Pb、206Pb、204Pb(+204Hg)、202Hg用离子计数器(multi-ion-counters)接收，208Pb、232Th、238U信号用法拉第杯接收，实现了所有目标同位素信号的同时接受。对采集的数据采用中国地质大学(武汉)刘勇胜博士研发的ICP-MS DataCal程序和Kenneth R.Ludwig的Isoplot程序进行处理，并绘制谐和图等图件，置信度为95%。详细的仪器操作条件和数据处理方法见文献[25]。
2.2.2 锆石Lu-Hf年龄测试
锆石Hf同位素测试在北京锆年领航科技有限公司完成。锆石Hf同位素分析测试工作通过激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)进行。激光剥蚀系统为美国NewWave公司生产的UP193FX型193nm ArF准分子系统，激光器来自于德国ATL公司，ICP-MS仪器型号为Agilent 7500a。激光器波长为193nm，脉冲宽度 < 4ns，束斑直径为35μm。采用锆石标样91500[176Hf/177Hf=0.282308±12(2σ)]作为外标样进行基体校正[26]。Hf的地幔模式年龄计算中，亏损地幔176Hf/177Hf值现在值采用0.28325，176Lu/177Hf值采用0.0384[27]，地壳模式年龄计算时采用平均地壳的176Lu/177Hf=0.015[28]。数据计算和处理采用ICP-MS DataCal程序完成[25]。
3. 结果与讨论
3.1 锆石U-Pb同位素特征
用于测试的锆石自形程度较好，多为长柱状，整体较完整，发育震荡环带，具岩浆成因特征[29]。选择不发育裂隙和包裹体的锆石进行年龄测试，在发育震荡环带的位置测试(图 3中a、c)。
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图 3 矿区围岩及成矿母岩锆石CL图像及年龄图Figure 3. Zircon CL images and age maps of surrounding rocks and ore-forming parent rocks in the mining area弱矿化蚀变不等粒二长花岗岩(WS05)锆石Pb含量为8.17×10-6~105.40×10-6，Th含量为60.44×10-6~988.45×10-6，U含量为177.56×10-6~2090.24×10-6；矿化蚀变流纹质碎斑熔岩(WS02)锆石Pb含量为6.63×10-6~38.32×10-6，Th含量为90.78×10-6~701.01×10-6，U含量为106.28×10-6~575.53×10-6(表 1)。Th/U比值均大于0.1，为岩浆成因锆石[30-31]。样品U-Pb年龄＜1.0Ga，因而采用锆石206Pb/238U年龄[32]。WS05样品锆石206Pb/238U年龄值为197.19±1.32~203.63±1.38Ma，加权平均值为200.96±0.88Ma，MSWD=3.0(图 3b)；WS02样品锆石206Pb/238U年龄值为175.31±1.46~183.89±1.29Ma，加权平均值为179.58±0.91Ma，MSWD=2.7(图 3d)。表明两类岩体均形成于早侏罗世。
表 1 乌努格吐山岩体LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果Table 1. LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic analysis of the Wunugetushan rocks样品名 元素含量(×10-6) Th/U 元素比值 年龄(Ma) Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ WS02-1 6.63 99.33 106.28 0.93 0.054800689 0.002451556 0.21777954 0.009825907 0.028920427 0.0002901 466.71 99.99 200.06 8.19 183.79 1.82 WS02-2 21.18 360.70 357.46 1.01 0.052139056 0.001611966 0.19929428 0.005904684 0.027904962 0.0002414 300.06 70.36 184.53 5.00 177.42 1.51 WS02-3 9.71 127.12 187.62 0.68 0.053187486 0.001725981 0.20737534 0.006527215 0.028589719 0.0002581 344.50 74.07 191.35 5.49 181.72 1.62 WS02-4 23.29 335.12 435.58 0.77 0.0523526 0.001072423 0.2014723 0.00400281 0.028002268 0.0001724 301.91 46.29 186.37 3.38 178.03 1.08 WS02-5 8.61 90.78 183.57 0.49 0.055145614 0.001930204 0.21747196 0.007653397 0.028658462 0.0002537 416.72 77.77 199.80 6.38 182.15 1.59 WS02-6 20.64 291.00 376.00 0.77 0.054660963 0.001447771 0.2124608 0.005765492 0.028240433 0.0002631 398.20 59.25 195.62 4.83 179.53 1.65 WS02-8 8.18 135.96 138.07 0.98 0.054630817 0.002674734 0.20791517 0.009586314 0.028118499 0.0003531 398.20 109.25 191.80 8.06 178.76 2.21 WS02-9 26.43 382.25 491.17 0.78 0.052954664 0.000994737 0.20600679 0.003891296 0.028261949 0.000183 327.84 42.59 190.20 3.28 179.66 1.15 WS02-10 10.38 130.90 207.45 0.63 0.049377333 0.001784532 0.18873552 0.006546347 0.027953044 0.0002377 164.90 87.95 175.55 5.59 177.72 1.49 WS02-11 22.22 300.23 410.94 0.73 0.052497602 0.001023893 0.20769834 0.004161734 0.028732664 0.0001882 305.62 44.44 191.62 3.50 182.61 1.18 WS02-12 38.32 701.01 575.53 1.22 0.050521629 0.000821741 0.19443142 0.003348741 0.027897904 0.0001672 220.44 34.25 180.40 2.85 177.38 1.05 WS02-13 15.41 248.04 256.19 0.97 0.050553309 0.001345129 0.19415114 0.005059312 0.02803746 0.0002147 220.44 56.47 180.17 4.30 178.25 1.35 WS02-14 16.30 256.91 298.04 0.86 0.050617744 0.001296767 0.19604288 0.004959068 0.028254753 0.0002041 233.40 59.25 181.77 4.21 179.62 1.28 WS02-15 9.86 128.93 197.58 0.65 0.053200153 0.001778239 0.20301776 0.006439848 0.027963384 0.0002068 344.50 75.92 187.68 5.44 177.79 1.30 WS02-16 11.93 159.19 228.39 0.70 0.051343842 0.001688606 0.20303925 0.006728144 0.028755703 0.0002669 257.47 71.29 187.69 5.68 182.76 1.67 WS02-17 23.68 362.75 419.53 0.86 0.054711601 0.001166784 0.21235292 0.00470457 0.028205027 0.0002095 466.71 50.92 195.53 3.94 179.30 1.31 WS02-18 10.80 134.97 212.47 0.64 0.055085188 0.00186445 0.21549537 0.007139035 0.028663977 0.0002485 416.72 80.55 198.15 5.96 182.18 1.56 WS02-19 22.29 417.16 350.97 1.19 0.051618269 0.002041641 0.19860798 0.007722468 0.02798546 0.0002789 333.39 95.36 183.95 6.54 177.93 1.75 WS02-21 28.22 505.10 401.58 1.26 0.053629164 0.001209577 0.20969736 0.004457275 0.028636014 0.0002611 353.76 51.85 193.30 3.74 182.01 1.64 WS02-22 13.76 199.73 247.98 0.81 0.050498539 0.001704943 0.19981518 0.007007338 0.028780503 0.0003232 216.74 47.22 184.97 5.93 182.91 2.03 WS02-23 15.67 233.95 279.27 0.84 0.053609854 0.001945143 0.20426492 0.006872007 0.027979173 0.0002475 353.76 50.92 188.73 5.79 177.89 1.55 WS02-24 12.13 155.47 242.85 0.64 0.048139881 0.001435921 0.18517718 0.005419974 0.028059585 0.0002194 105.65 70.37 172.51 4.64 178.39 1.38 WS02-25 21.94 294.47 456.44 0.65 0.05015908 0.001703097 0.18973048 0.006066855 0.027568544 0.0002324 211.19 79.62 176.40 5.18 175.31 1.46 WS02-26 11.03 202.63 163.39 1.24 0.048642808 0.001868937 0.18622353 0.007027353 0.028034949 0.0002515 131.57 90.73 173.40 6.02 178.24 1.58 WS02-27 18.79 270.47 307.16 0.88 0.0592801 0.001671102 0.23539905 0.006493675 0.02893611 0.0002062 575.96 58.32 214.65 5.34 183.89 1.29 WS02-28 15.65 205.15 290.46 0.71 0.050701322 0.001279128 0.20087159 0.005146519 0.028781368 0.0002166 227.85 57.40 185.86 4.35 182.92 1.36 WS02-29 17.27 254.50 308.03 0.83 0.051600767 0.001357782 0.19851122 0.005220095 0.028089674 0.0002205 333.39 61.10 183.87 4.42 178.58 1.38 WS02-30 15.90 246.27 276.75 0.89 0.051720434 0.001294036 0.19826738 0.004938912 0.027877092 0.0001995 272.29 57.40 183.66 4.19 177.25 1.25 WS05-1 64.67 982.05 957.01 1.03 0.049821594 0.000679027 0.21445247 0.003309532 0.031186237 0.0002163 187.12 31.48 197.28 2.77 197.97 1.35 WS05-2 57.13 549.94 1168.26 0.47 0.051369046 0.00067504 0.22227668 0.003450735 0.031302054 0.0002225 257.47 29.63 203.80 2.87 198.69 1.39 WS05-3 47.18 434.72 1006.50 0.43 0.0506981 0.000730666 0.2174262 0.003523028 0.031061297 0.0002109 227.85 33.33 199.77 2.94 197.19 1.32 WS05-4 34.20 444.49 539.30 0.82 0.050076452 0.00089561 0.21978911 0.003838643 0.031905458 0.0002253 198.23 36.10 201.73 3.20 202.46 1.41 WS05-5 27.24 293.62 512.29 0.57 0.050704918 0.000898261 0.2223234 0.004083565 0.03180311 0.0002221 227.85 73.14 203.84 3.39 201.82 1.39 WS05-6 36.62 406.81 627.91 0.65 0.053227511 0.000811598 0.23413474 0.003583162 0.031928406 0.0001706 338.95 35.18 213.61 2.95 202.61 1.07 WS05-7 83.00 979.16 1509.58 0.65 0.050594466 0.00081154 0.21775243 0.003377792 0.031220547 0.0001736 233.40 37.03 200.04 2.82 198.18 1.09 WS05-8 32.42 390.91 580.70 0.67 0.050650678 0.000990998 0.21692246 0.004238077 0.031130835 0.000211 233.40 72.21 199.35 3.54 197.62 1.32 WS05-9 29.94 328.98 562.17 0.59 0.052125927 0.000943859 0.22710559 0.004118635 0.031673079 0.0002015 300.06 40.74 207.81 3.41 201.01 1.26 WS05-11 44.07 450.63 852.34 0.53 0.050493385 0.000603843 0.22279877 0.002627975 0.03205128 0.000192 216.74 32.40 204.24 2.18 203.37 1.20 WS05-12 11.55 105.13 237.06 0.44 0.051080959 0.001477309 0.22439572 0.00633483 0.032046799 0.0002526 242.66 66.66 205.56 5.25 203.35 1.58 WS05-14 42.65 589.47 697.76 0.84 0.05127644 0.001010592 0.22059852 0.004252904 0.031231933 0.000197 253.77 46.29 202.41 3.54 198.25 1.23 WS05-15 39.70 446.39 683.49 0.65 0.052426052 0.001056312 0.23066064 0.004658531 0.031933659 0.0002448 305.62 46.29 210.74 3.84 202.64 1.53 WS05-16 30.83 351.35 540.24 0.65 0.05575571 0.001034747 0.24554158 0.004129216 0.032092859 0.0002217 442.64 8.33 222.95 3.37 203.63 1.38 WS05-17 31.36 393.76 522.41 0.75 0.050483307 0.001147105 0.22167031 0.004880911 0.031926872 0.0002473 216.74 84.25 203.30 4.06 202.60 1.54 WS05-18 105.40 988.45 2090.24 0.47 0.055715982 0.000922293 0.2396987 0.003938731 0.031188268 0.0002232 442.64 4.63 218.17 3.23 197.98 1.40 WS05-19 41.50 594.60 650.78 0.91 0.052764976 0.000837416 0.22901688 0.00383827 0.031430675 0.0001724 320.43 35.18 209.39 3.17 199.50 1.08 WS05-20 32.81 439.05 545.05 0.81 0.050598044 0.001078644 0.22137187 0.004978527 0.031761313 0.0002199 233.40 80.54 203.05 4.14 201.56 1.37 WS05-21 35.38 283.00 748.80 0.38 0.053983443 0.000743583 0.23800768 0.003481432 0.031971686 0.0002069 368.57 63.88 216.79 2.86 202.88 1.29 WS05-22 28.57 328.62 500.85 0.66 0.050519726 0.001050105 0.22322756 0.004803931 0.032029526 0.0002293 220.44 48.14 204.59 3.99 203.24 1.43 WS05-23 42.59 608.47 643.73 0.95 0.049834093 0.000955096 0.22053286 0.004450034 0.032048558 0.0002182 187.12 44.44 202.35 3.70 203.36 1.36 WS05-24 8.17 60.44 177.56 0.34 0.052461445 0.001898692 0.22941335 0.00798765 0.032038934 0.0002929 305.62 83.33 209.71 6.60 203.30 1.83 WS05-25 24.90 213.14 529.34 0.40 0.053206234 0.000909342 0.23360332 0.004100044 0.031832937 0.0002027 344.50 38.89 213.17 3.37 202.01 1.27 WS05-26 30.48 333.52 561.03 0.59 0.050610366 0.00098056 0.22392893 0.004444282 0.032039082 0.0001895 233.40 78.69 205.17 3.69 203.30 1.18 WS05-27 42.92 359.80 939.57 0.38 0.053112655 0.000673233 0.23125454 0.003331502 0.031536009 0.0002358 344.50 27.78 211.23 2.75 200.15 1.47 WS05-28 24.77 245.33 487.82 0.50 0.05240212 0.001044812 0.23207116 0.004988243 0.032062634 0.0002458 301.91 44.44 211.91 4.11 203.44 1.54 WS05-29 88.23 961.68 1634.70 0.59 0.051403159 0.000521454 0.22632576 0.00277416 0.03194678 0.0002878 257.47 24.07 207.16 2.30 202.72 1.80 WS05-30 45.76 621.40 772.57 0.80 0.050900004 0.00083911 0.21961879 0.00358115 0.03129567 0.0001579 235.25 37.03 201.59 2.98 198.65 0.99 3.2 锆石稀土元素特征
两类岩体锆石的稀土含量较高，弱矿化蚀变不等粒二长花岗岩(WS05)的ΣREE为1036.03×10-6~3489.37×10-6，轻稀土LREE含量为13.76×10-6~158.11×10-6，重稀土HREE含量为1022.28×10-6~3415.31×10-6，轻/重稀土比值为0.01~0.09；矿化蚀变流纹质碎斑熔岩(WS02)的ΣREE为579.83×10-6~1110.14×10-6(表 2)，轻稀土LREE含量为28.83×10-6~85.54×10-6，重稀土HREE含量为535.47×10-6~1049.04×10-6，轻/重稀土比值为0.05~0.11。轻重稀土分异程度较高，具岩浆锆石稀土元素特征[33-35]。WS05样品锆石δEu值为0.13~0.38，WS02样品δEu值为0.39~0.67，具负异常；WS05样品锆石δCe值为1.57~476.84，WS02样品δCe值为10.48~1613.59，具强正异常，与典型热液锆石差异较大[36]。两类岩体锆石稀土配分曲线具左倾特征，轻稀土亏损、重稀土富集，具岩浆锆石特征(图 4)。
表 2 锆石稀土元素(×10-6)组成Table 2. REE element (×10-6) compositions of the zircons样品编号 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ΣREE LREE HREE LREE/HREE δEu δCe WS05-1 0.009 30.818 0.109 2.207 5.808 1.336 37.462 14.819 189.182 78.302 365.255 82.336 775.232 155.907 2317.566 1738.78 40.29 1698.50 0.02 0.28 243.55 WS05-2 0.136 31.651 0.383 3.864 6.669 0.940 38.640 16.064 209.545 91.003 450.613 107.613 1082.980 229.910 2788.147 2270.01 43.64 2226.37 0.02 0.18 33.96 WS05-4 0.033 26.488 0.276 4.746 10.352 3.109 61.401 22.084 281.410 113.924 528.866 118.980 1130.763 227.279 3457.657 2529.71 45.00 2484.71 0.02 0.38 68.45 WS05-5 1.985 26.801 0.971 5.922 5.631 1.404 38.216 15.136 206.981 89.074 430.765 100.296 995.993 206.695 2738.920 2125.87 42.71 2083.16 0.02 0.29 4.73 WS05-6 7.588 48.479 4.041 22.978 9.309 1.237 35.817 12.572 166.430 71.866 347.266 81.181 817.296 167.611 2167.755 1793.67 93.63 1700.04 0.06 0.21 2.15 WS05-7 0.410 34.403 0.259 2.745 5.160 0.656 36.139 14.704 194.596 81.371 391.476 88.285 871.715 179.856 2485.255 1901.77 43.63 1858.14 0.02 0.15 25.90 WS05-8 0.071 26.437 0.180 3.754 6.534 1.671 45.710 17.406 241.011 104.037 496.093 114.322 1096.435 226.859 3098.375 2380.52 38.65 2341.87 0.02 0.30 57.53 WS05-9 0.634 19.833 0.405 4.501 6.978 1.302 43.246 15.843 207.008 86.747 414.299 94.644 940.131 191.090 2642.584 2026.66 33.65 1993.01 0.02 0.23 9.60 WS05-11 0.132 22.938 0.122 1.732 3.547 0.468 29.152 11.791 165.304 72.780 361.164 85.935 859.033 177.858 2241.112 1791.96 28.94 1763.02 0.02 0.14 44.37 WS05-12 0.004 8.790 0.057 1.131 3.136 0.640 19.128 7.017 97.977 41.175 206.170 48.490 497.626 104.694 1221.775 1036.03 13.76 1022.28 0.01 0.25 138.94 WS05-14 0.009 32.244 0.147 2.820 7.772 2.330 55.584 21.225 286.814 119.502 561.039 124.996 1187.688 245.743 3612.210 2647.91 45.32 2602.59 0.02 0.34 212.89 WS05-15 21.426 79.810 7.266 36.278 11.865 1.461 39.927 13.963 180.198 75.958 375.290 87.983 872.939 179.036 2355.693 1983.40 158.11 1825.29 0.09 0.21 1.57 WS05-16 0.293 20.491 0.259 4.083 8.775 1.680 49.344 17.701 216.112 87.518 406.557 90.786 878.944 176.341 2581.778 1958.88 35.58 1923.30 0.02 0.25 18.24 WS05-17 0.010 21.905 0.154 2.594 6.575 1.483 39.647 15.071 197.835 83.773 397.977 91.152 885.319 176.519 2547.626 1920.01 32.72 1887.29 0.02 0.28 133.88 WS05-18 0.236 45.705 0.646 6.351 8.428 0.844 47.397 19.589 265.616 113.368 545.382 128.379 1250.060 255.596 3519.237 2687.60 62.21 2625.39 0.02 0.13 28.68 WS05-19 0.106 31.726 0.695 12.497 23.102 5.938 113.735 37.357 433.393 165.370 720.022 158.983 1491.171 295.277 4901.935 3489.37 74.06 3415.31 0.02 0.35 28.69 WS05-20 0.018 21.968 0.154 2.858 6.418 1.727 45.681 17.085 223.461 92.612 432.575 100.645 974.587 198.240 2787.431 2118.03 33.14 2084.89 0.02 0.31 103.06 WS05-21 0.004 21.146 0.046 1.445 3.019 0.626 24.090 10.259 142.687 63.075 325.911 77.391 790.708 167.260 1970.759 1627.67 26.29 1601.38 0.02 0.22 407.07 WS05-22 0.009 21.816 0.142 3.198 6.343 1.554 41.438 15.424 207.699 87.686 414.011 96.134 937.960 194.215 2622.130 2027.63 33.06 1994.57 0.02 0.29 151.73 WS05-23 0.003 22.911 0.098 1.891 3.940 1.176 29.171 11.371 149.383 61.629 293.179 65.118 632.896 128.904 1849.730 1401.67 30.02 1371.65 0.02 0.34 316.29 WS05-25 0.002 16.515 0.045 1.028 3.357 0.484 23.728 10.029 137.925 61.334 312.802 75.410 763.433 161.320 1887.306 1567.41 21.43 1545.98 0.01 0.17 393.39 WS05-26 1.008 24.326 0.398 2.601 4.114 0.720 25.298 9.861 133.470 56.062 278.105 65.256 647.789 133.518 1756.502 1382.53 33.17 1349.36 0.02 0.22 9.41 WS05-27 0.092 25.471 0.132 1.488 3.234 0.412 22.485 9.565 134.435 59.983 305.314 76.238 761.997 161.823 1859.903 1562.67 30.83 1531.84 0.02 0.15 56.82 WS05-28 0.003 18.423 0.075 1.262 3.754 0.691 25.768 9.865 134.315 59.939 296.515 71.285 712.008 147.629 1821.177 1481.53 24.21 1457.32 0.02 0.21 300.82 WS05-29 0.004 35.127 0.083 1.768 4.805 0.560 36.981 14.534 195.832 83.381 406.337 94.943 902.927 182.187 2596.732 1959.47 42.35 1917.12 0.02 0.13 476.84 WS05-30 0.036 28.599 0.176 3.424 7.606 1.394 51.304 19.131 240.823 97.181 453.263 101.128 968.755 193.054 2897.227 2165.87 41.24 2124.64 0.02 0.22 88.05 WS02-1 0.012 34.124 0.201 3.717 7.501 2.472 33.922 10.145 110.736 40.545 175.905 38.370 354.954 72.500 1190.890 885.10 48.03 837.08 0.06 0.47 171.62 WS02-2 0.004 47.559 0.028 0.832 1.807 0.754 11.337 3.437 45.540 19.866 103.023 26.165 283.910 69.933 671.635 614.20 50.98 563.21 0.09 0.51 1098.02 WS02-3 0.036 38.471 0.057 1.129 1.884 0.852 13.736 4.517 57.026 24.387 123.912 31.368 334.975 77.953 794.007 710.30 42.43 667.87 0.06 0.51 208.54 WS02-4 0.012 50.641 0.028 0.917 2.720 1.204 23.208 8.413 108.997 44.986 213.779 49.899 493.407 105.741 1389.597 1103.95 55.52 1048.43 0.05 0.46 663.38 WS02-5 0.028 25.975 0.035 0.491 1.696 0.609 9.999 3.803 50.945 22.719 116.668 30.012 320.913 76.685 716.429 660.58 28.83 631.74 0.05 0.45 204.19 WS02-6 0.002 39.230 0.043 1.074 1.639 0.847 14.867 5.382 65.972 26.461 127.859 29.241 297.651 61.893 825.531 672.16 42.83 629.32 0.07 0.52 1165.23 WS02-8 0.022 49.184 0.100 1.682 4.625 1.492 25.052 8.713 107.265 41.207 186.206 42.565 411.247 85.181 1270.296 964.54 57.11 907.44 0.06 0.42 255.34 WS02-10 0.037 39.545 0.062 0.682 1.360 0.751 9.690 3.256 44.980 21.913 123.529 33.255 385.436 97.691 775.348 762.19 42.44 719.75 0.06 0.63 201.55 WS02-11 0.021 50.670 0.048 0.923 3.155 1.071 21.971 7.807 103.572 42.221 202.132 45.845 453.713 95.438 1281.416 1028.59 55.89 972.70 0.06 0.39 393.96 WS02-12 0.058 79.046 0.052 1.273 3.551 1.560 23.297 8.214 102.291 40.931 194.555 45.875 471.126 105.613 1292.794 1077.44 85.54 991.90 0.09 0.52 351.83 WS02-13 0.007 41.369 0.031 0.585 1.481 0.882 10.855 3.720 45.719 19.385 103.144 24.923 266.428 61.299 660.738 579.83 44.36 535.47 0.08 0.67 678.70 WS02-14 0.090 42.582 0.057 0.907 2.388 0.960 15.585 5.242 67.882 29.502 146.837 35.601 377.324 83.402 952.952 808.36 46.98 761.37 0.06 0.48 145.43 WS02-15 0.001 36.232 0.025 0.652 1.487 0.687 10.554 3.614 47.289 21.155 108.615 27.361 292.008 67.054 706.786 616.73 39.08 577.65 0.07 0.53 1613.59 WS02-16 0.006 34.544 0.034 0.576 1.889 0.791 11.415 3.799 49.643 20.958 111.258 28.462 308.290 73.409 720.434 645.07 37.84 607.23 0.06 0.52 592.69 WS02-17 0.019 55.315 0.094 1.178 3.093 1.401 22.447 8.198 105.758 43.429 211.144 49.744 502.611 105.706 1372.515 1110.14 61.10 1049.04 0.06 0.51 317.77 WS02-18 0.114 33.968 0.085 0.792 2.304 0.919 14.432 5.286 72.123 29.318 141.600 33.361 341.146 71.884 906.553 747.33 38.18 709.15 0.05 0.49 84.73 WS02-21 3.329 70.750 0.675 4.084 2.962 1.097 16.614 5.693 71.338 29.382 145.671 35.768 374.958 86.700 942.341 849.02 82.90 766.12 0.11 0.48 11.57 WS02-22 0.016 34.745 0.029 0.489 1.662 0.649 11.137 3.800 52.177 22.416 116.877 28.201 305.484 70.054 710.722 647.73 37.59 610.14 0.06 0.46 403.25 WS02-23 0.107 62.564 0.076 1.118 2.358 1.186 17.166 6.850 88.307 38.545 193.851 47.299 498.511 118.403 1243.373 1076.34 67.41 1008.93 0.07 0.57 170.98 WS02-24 2.004 48.432 0.640 3.362 2.621 0.843 14.286 5.148 70.194 31.348 160.890 41.314 434.070 97.581 1022.773 912.73 57.90 854.83 0.07 0.42 10.48 WS02-26 0.005 46.151 0.095 1.871 5.035 1.709 25.118 7.616 91.112 34.882 155.620 35.799 330.432 66.691 1025.318 802.14 54.87 747.27 0.07 0.46 517.34 WS02-27 2.028 56.031 0.752 4.134 4.097 1.387 22.082 7.776 94.715 39.040 181.422 42.463 422.544 89.574 1187.650 968.05 68.43 899.62 0.08 0.45 11.12 WS02-28 0.008 47.547 0.023 0.658 2.307 0.831 14.808 5.122 69.094 31.174 158.314 38.944 424.423 95.861 1005.799 889.11 51.37 837.74 0.06 0.43 873.10 WS02-29 0.032 49.428 0.052 0.873 2.233 1.023 17.366 6.285 84.980 36.660 184.098 44.561 457.590 101.390 1191.673 986.57 53.64 932.93 0.06 0.50 297.46 WS02-30 0.004 59.507 0.064 0.916 2.714 1.230 17.426 6.273 80.858 35.278 178.230 44.319 468.570 107.968 1157.665 1003.36 64.43 938.92 0.07 0.55 961.76 ![]()
3.3 锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征
弱矿化蚀变不等粒二长花岗岩(WS05)、矿化蚀变流纹质碎斑熔岩(WS02)锆石176Lu/177Hf比值分别为0.001688~0.003588、0.000831~0.001292，176Lu/177Hf比值均较小，表明锆石在形成后，仅具有少量的放射性成因Hf积累，因而可以用初始176Hf/177Hf比值代表形成时的Hf同位素组成[37]。176Hf/177Hf初始比值和εHf(t)值根据同一锆石U-Pb测年数据计算；二阶段模式年龄(TDMC)根据亏损幔源计算[27]。测定结果显示，WS05锆石Hf同位素176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282659~0.282820(表 3)，176Yb/177Hf比值为0.099606~0.046370，fLu/Hf为-0.95~-0.89，锆石εHf(0)为-4.0~-0.7，εHf(t)为0.1~5.8(图 5)；WS02锆石Hf同位素176Hf/177Hf比值为0.282783~0.282850，176Yb/177Hf比值为0.020042~0.035646，fLu/Hf为-0.97~-0.96，锆石εHf(0)为0.4~2.8，εHf(t)为4.3~6.6(图 6)。WS05锆石Hf单阶段模式年龄(TDM)为643~882Ma，二阶段模式年龄(TDMC)为874~1235Ma；WS02锆石Hf单阶段模式年龄(TDM)为570~663Ma，二阶段模式年龄(TDMC)为802~952Ma。
表 3 乌努格吐山岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果Table 3. LA-ICP-MS Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic analysis of Wunugetushan rocks样品编号 年龄(Ma) 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf εHf(0) εHf(t) TDM (Ma) TDMC(Ma) fLu/Hf WS02-001 183.79 0.035646 0.001292 0.282829 2.0 5.9 604 850 -0.96 WS02-002 181.72 0.022735 0.000914 0.282783 0.4 4.3 663 952 -0.97 WS02-003 178.76 0.023283 0.000875 0.282837 2.3 6.1 587 833 -0.97 WS02-004 177.72 0.024778 0.000996 0.282818 1.6 5.4 616 878 -0.97 WS02-005 177.38 0.030802 0.001225 0.282803 1.1 4.8 641 914 -0.96 WS02-006 178.25 0.022562 0.000964 0.282825 1.9 5.7 604 860 -0.97 WS02-007 179.62 0.020253 0.000831 0.282831 2.1 5.9 595 846 -0.97 WS02-008 177.79 0.026337 0.001096 0.282842 2.5 6.3 582 822 -0.97 WS02-009 182.76 0.022090 0.000917 0.282804 1.1 5.0 634 905 -0.97 WS02-010 182.18 0.026716 0.000988 0.282850 2.8 6.6 570 802 -0.97 WS02-011 182.91 0.023562 0.000917 0.282834 2.2 6.1 591 837 -0.97 WS02-012 177.89 0.020042 0.000854 0.282819 1.7 5.5 611 873 -0.97 WS02-013 178.39 0.026401 0.001009 0.282829 2.0 5.8 599 851 -0.97 WS02-014 178.24 0.024919 0.000902 0.282803 1.1 4.9 634 909 -0.97 WS02-015 178.58 0.027675 0.001052 0.282809 1.3 5.1 629 897 -0.97 WS02-016 177.25 0.025114 0.001094 0.282813 1.5 5.2 623 888 -0.97 WS05-001 197.97 0.067606 0.002426 0.282738 -1.2 2.8 756 1057 -0.93 WS05-002 197.19 0.060028 0.002184 0.282694 -2.8 1.3 816 1155 -0.93 WS05-003 201.82 0.073935 0.002745 0.282820 1.7 5.8 643 874 -0.92 WS05-004 202.61 0.059110 0.002155 0.282728 -1.5 2.6 765 1074 -0.94 WS05-005 197.62 0.067911 0.002509 0.282731 -1.4 2.6 768 1073 -0.92 WS05-006 201.01 0.052678 0.002027 0.282712 -2.1 2.0 786 1110 -0.94 WS05-007 203.37 0.046370 0.001688 0.282703 -2.4 1.8 792 1127 -0.95 WS05-008 199.5 0.099606 0.003588 0.282743 -1.0 2.9 775 1055 -0.89 WS05-009 201.56 0.047960 0.001782 0.282714 -2.0 2.1 778 1103 -0.95 WS05-010 202.88 0.058686 0.002184 0.282702 -2.5 1.7 805 1135 -0.93 WS05-011 202.01 0.059888 0.002143 0.282712 -2.1 2.0 789 1111 -0.94 WS05-012 203.3 0.077946 0.002817 0.282659 -4.0 0.1 882 1235 -0.92 WS05-013 200.15 0.056164 0.002059 0.282711 -2.1 2.0 788 1113 -0.94 WS05-014 202.72 0.085910 0.003052 0.282701 -2.5 1.5 825 1143 -0.91 WS05-015 198.65 0.091676 0.003159 0.282751 -0.7 3.2 753 1034 -0.90 注：εHf(t)=10000×{[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)S×(eλt-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR，0-(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR×(eλt-1)]-1}；
TDM=1/λ×ln{1 +[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Hf/177Hf)DM]}；
TDMC=TDM-(TDM-t)×[(fcc-fs)/(fcc-fDM)]，fLu/Hf=(176Lu/177Hf)S/(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR-1。
其中：λ=1.867×10-11/a[41]；(176Lu/177Hf)S和(176Hf/177Hf)S为样品测量值；(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR=0.0332，(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR，0=0.282772[26]；(176Lu/177Hf)DM=0.0384，(176Hf/177Hf)DM=0.28325[27]；(176Lu/177Hf)平均地壳=0.015；fcc=[(176Lu/177Hf)平均地壳/(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR]-1；fs= fLu/Hf；fDM=[(176Lu/177Hf)DM/(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR]-1；t为锆石结晶年龄。![]()
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3.4 成岩时代对成矿作用的约束
乌努格吐山成岩成矿年代学取得大量成果，也存在较大争议[11-15]。本次工作在系统野外地质调查的基础上，选择代表性围岩和成矿母岩进行同位素年龄测试，测试单位为北京锆年领航科技有限公司，测试方法为LA-ICP-MS。锆石U-Pb年龄具有成熟有效，锆石易挑选，封闭体系温度高等优点[39-40]，所测年龄结果真实有效，能够有效地代表岩体形成年龄。
本次工作所测围岩(WS05)不等粒二长花岗岩样品锆石具震荡环带，Tu/U比值较大，锆石稀土强烈富集重稀土、亏损轻稀土，δEu负异常；δCe正异常特征，表明测试用锆石为岩浆成因锆石，测试结果为200.96±0.88Ma，该测试结果与秦克章等[12]测得的矿区黑云二长花岗岩全岩Rb-Sr等时线年龄(211±21Ma)、谭刚[14]获得的外围黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄(198.1±2.9Ma)、Wang等[16]获得的矿区黑云花岗岩SIMS锆石U-Pb年龄(203.5±1.6Ma)、Zhang等[17]测得的花岗斑岩脉的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄(201.4±3.1Ma)和Mi等[18]获得的矿区黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄(206.9±1.9Ma)在误差范围内，表明了200Ma左右是本区重要的成岩时期，主体为大面积展布的黑云母花岗岩和二长花岗岩，其次为花岗斑岩脉体。其中，本次研究的不等粒二长花岗岩为新报道的一类赋矿围岩，与黑云母花岗岩属于同期形成的岩体在不同部位的岩性过渡。因此，本次所测得的不等粒二长花岗岩年龄(200.96±0.88Ma)可代表赋矿围岩岩体形成的时代，该岩体在靠近斑岩体的部位发育一定程度的蚀变和矿化，表明成矿作用晚于大面积展布的二长花岗岩-黑云母花岗岩围岩的形成时代。
成矿母岩(WS02)流纹质碎斑熔岩样品锆石具震荡环带，Tu/U比值较大，锆石稀土强烈富集重稀土、亏损轻稀土，δEu负异常；δCe正异常特征，表明测试用锆石为岩浆成因锆石，加权平均值为179.58±0.91Ma，表明矿化蚀变流纹质碎斑熔岩形成于早侏罗世。该测试结果与秦克章等[11]获得的蚀变绢云母K-Ar年龄(183.5±1.7Ma)、Wang等[16]获得的二长花岗斑岩SIMS锆石U-Pb年龄(180.4±1.4Ma)和Mi等[18]获得的流纹斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄(180.4±4.5Ma)年龄在地质误差范围内，也与Zhang等[17]获得的辉钼矿Re-Os加权平均年龄(179.8±1.0Ma)在误差内一致，稍早于谭钢[14]测得的辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄(177.4±2.4Ma)，说明除了二长花岗斑岩和流纹斑岩，本次研究的流纹质碎斑熔岩也为一种重要的成矿母岩体，其形成年龄可代表矿区的成矿时代。
赋矿围岩锆石Hf同位素特征表明岩浆源区以新生陆壳物质或幔源物质为主，混有少量古老壳源物质。成矿母岩锆石Hf同位素特征表明岩浆源区主要为新生陆壳物质或幔源物质为主，仅含极少数古老壳源物质。
4. 结论
本文采用LA-MC-ICP-MS和LA-ICP-MS证实不等粒二长花岗岩和流纹质碎斑熔岩为早侏罗世不同阶段的产物。锆石εHf(t)值及二阶段模式年龄(TDMC)的细微区别反映了岩浆源区的异同。通过对比赋矿围岩和成矿母岩成岩时代和Lu-Hf同位素之间的差异，指示了赋矿围岩岩浆源区为幔源物质和少量古老壳源物质的混合；成矿母岩岩浆源区主要为幔源物质。从赋矿围岩到成矿母岩岩浆源区幔源物质增加，壳源物质减少。
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图 2 新垦莲藕种植区底泥养分指标分级占比情况(N=45)
Figure 2. Nutrient abundance and deficiency situation in sediment of Xinken lotus root pond (N=45)
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图 3 新垦莲藕种植区藕塘底泥重金属指标分级占比情况(N=45)
Figure 3. Heavy metal pollution calculation results in sediment of Xinken lotus root pond (N=45)
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图 4 藕塘底泥元素含量与莲藕营养组分之间的相关系数矩阵热图
Figure 4. Heat map of correlation coefficient matrix between sediment elements of lotus root pond and nutrient components of lotus root
表 1 藕塘不同介质样品测试指标及对应测试方法
Table 1 Analysis parameters and methods for various media of the lotus root pond
样品类型 测试指标分类及测试指标 测试仪器 测试方法 藕塘底泥 ①养分指标：氮，磷，钾，有机质，钙，镁，铁，硫，硼，锰，铜，锌，钼，钴，钒，锗，硒。
②重金属：砷，镉，铬，汞，镍，铅。
③其他指标：氯，pH值元素分析仪(EA3000)；电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICPA6300)；电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Thermo X2)；原子荧光分光光度计(AFS8220)；原子荧光分光光度计(XGY-1011A)；一米光栅光谱仪(WP-1)；X射线荧光光谱仪(Axios Max)；pH计(pHS-3c) 《区域地球化学样品分析方法》(DZ/T 0279—2016)；
《区域生态地球化学评价规范》(DZ/T 0289—2015)；
《生态地球化学评价样品分析技术要求》(DD2005-03)藕塘水 农田灌溉水质标准控制指标：pH值，化学需氧量，铅，镉，铬(六价)，汞，砷，铜，锌，镍，硒，硼，氯 pH计(pHS-3c)；电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Thermo X2)；电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(iCAP 7000 Series)；原子荧光分光光度计(AFS8220)；原子荧光分光光度计(XGY-1011A)；离子色谱仪(ICS-900) 《食品安全国家标准饮用天然矿泉水检验方法》(GB 8538—2016)；
《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017)莲藕 ①营养品质指标：淀粉，可溶性糖，粗纤维，干物质，蛋白质。
②矿物质营养元素：钙，磷，钾，镁，铁，锌，硒，铜，锗。
③重金属指标：铅，镉，镍，铬，砷，汞紫外可见分光光度计(Shimadzu UV-1700)，电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(WGL-230B)；定氮仪(Z20209-F078948)；电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(iCAP 7000 Series)；电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICAP RQ)；原子荧光分光光度计(AFS8220)；原子荧光分光光度计(XGY-1011A) 《生态地球化学评价动植物样品分析方法》(DZ/T 0253—2014)；
《食品安全国家标准样品测定方法》(GB 5009—2016)
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表 2 藕塘底泥各组分含量描述性统计(N=45)
Table 2 Descriptive statistics of component contents in sediment of the lotus root pond (N=45)
分析指标 含量极小值 含量极大值 变异系数(%) 含量平均均值 土壤风险筛选值，水田(6.5＜pH＜7.5) 珠三角表层土壤地球化学背景值[20] 西北江海陆交互相沉积物母质土壤背景值[21] 氮(mg/g) 0.7978 2.170 23.01 1.314 - 0.9950 1.219 磷(mg/g) 0.7040 1.405 18.97 0.9639 - 0.4130 0.7740 钾(mg/g) 15.10 21.00 6.530 18.60 - - 19.09 有机质(mg/g) 7.400 37.90 33.16 16.90 - 28.40 19.14 钙(mg/g) 3.960 11.62 25.97 7.851 - - 4.071 镁(mg/g) 7.700 10.30 6.830 9.000 - - 5.280 铁(mg/g) 43.50 63.20 6.730 55.80 - - 40.39 硫(mg/g) 0.3129 3.496 61.97 1.124 - 0.2330 0.3032 硼(mg/kg) 62.57 88.39 8.440 74.22 - 46.90 63.73 锰(mg/kg) 732.0 1121 10.36 953.6 - 213.0 593.80 铜(mg/kg) 40.15 96.08 14.53 62.56 100.0 12.90 46.22 锌(mg/kg) 108.7 163.9 9.920 128.4 250.0 50.00 122.40 钼(mg/kg) 0.950 1.700 13.41 1.360 - 1.110 1.17 钴(mg/kg) 17.97 24.52 7.080 21.29 - 3.800 14.93 钒(mg/kg) 121.9 193.5 8.440 165.1 - - - 锗(mg/kg) 1.220 2.830 21.16 1.640 - 1.510 - 硒(μg/kg) 260.0 570.0 16.80 380.0 - 510.0 490.0 砷(mg/kg) 14.75 27.97 11.45 23.05 25.00 9.000 16.53 镉(μg/kg) 390.0 940.0 22.90 610.0 600.0 69.00 383.94 铬(mg/kg) 80.17 123.8 7.460 102.5 300.0 40.00 75.53 汞(μg/kg) 86.00 514.0 54.65 162.9 600.0 84.00 139.06 镍(mg/kg) 33.14 54.12 8.970 46.28 100.0 9.500 30.40 铅(mg/kg) 34.40 86.37 18.52 45.61 140.0 37.00 43.65 氯(mg/kg) 42.20 1059 63.22 393.9 - 62.00 - pH 6.630 7.860 3.850 7.400 - 5.280 - 注：“-”表示无相关结果。
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表 3 莲藕样品各组分含量描述性统计(鲜重含量，N=15)
Table 3 Descriptive statistics of components in the lotus root samples (fresh weight, N=15)
组分 含量极小值 含量极大值 变异系数(%) 含量均值 雄安新区莲藕[28] 山东济南莲藕[29] 河南新郑莲藕[29] 湖北武汉莲藕[29] 湖北洪湖莲藕[29] 湖北汉川莲藕[29] 广西柳州莲藕[29] 浙江金华莲藕[29] 浙江余杭莲藕[29] 江苏淮安莲藕[30] 山东菏泽莲藕[30] 四川眉山莲藕[30] 湖北荆州莲藕[30] 云南红河莲藕[30] 湖南湘潭莲藕[30] 河南三门峡莲藕[30] 广西贵港莲藕[30] 安徽蚌埠莲藕[30] 陕西富平莲藕[30] 中国食物成分表－莲藕[31] 食品中污染物限量 干物质 12.60 24.50 18.51 17.63 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 淀粉 6.700 13.90 28.61 9.810 - - - - - - - - - 1.250 7.425 13.14 3.555 13.69 10.26 7.124 9.319 8.077 4.156 - 可溶性糖 2.190 4.140 17.52 3.200 - - - - - - - - - 1.170 7.135 4.788 6.016 2.941 4.278 3.175 3.944 6.108 2.874 - - 蛋白质 1.450 8.580 64.41 2.630 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.200 - 粗纤维 0.5000 3.300 83.22 0.8100 - - - - - - - - - 4.647 6.984 2.343 1.588 2.940 1.383 2.687 2.283 3.247 2.722 - - 钾 2259 4673 16.62 3765 - - - - - - - - - 2260 4050 3020 2700 4070 3650 3440 3540 3090 2960 2930 - 磷 384.8 738.1 14.20 585.1 - - - - - - - - - 223.0 552.0 494.0 303.0 557.0 539.0 613.0 415.0 454.0 573.0 450.0 - 钙 193.7 312.5 15.99 251.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 180.0 - 镁 148.3 271.6 18.58 211.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 140.0 - 铁 9.960 111.9 79.22 30.32 - - - - - - - - - 59.50 50.40 28.40 92.20 507.0 163.0 158.0 47.80 209.0 98.30 3.000 - 锌 1633 3235 16.66 2430 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2400 - 铜 549.8 1217 21.46 810.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 900.0 - 铬 37.76 530.1 81.90 167.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 500.0 铅 18.83 514.0 140.0 86.07 100.0 40.00 50.00 210.0 200.0 230.0 20.00 30.00 10.00 - - - - - - - - - - - 200.0 镍 37.57 153.6 41.61 81.51 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 砷 10.77 163.4 77.70 59.96 180.0 220.0 550.0 350.0 320.0 330.0 440.0 580.0 280.0 - - - - - - - - - - - 500.0 镉 2.200 17.00 44.24 9.660 20.00 50.00 50.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 30.00 30.00 10.00 - - - - - - - - - - 100.0 硒 4.280 10.26 26.01 6.210 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.700 - 锗 0.5400 1.090 17.67 0.7500 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 汞 0.4300 0.7300 17.00 0.3600 - 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 - - - - - - - - - - - 10.00 注：“-”表示无相关结果。干物质、淀粉、可溶性糖、蛋白质、粗纤维含量单位为%；钾、磷、钙、镁、铁含量单位为mg/kg；其余指标含量单位为μg/kg。
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表 4 藕塘地表水样各组分含量描述性统计(N=15)
Table 4 Descriptive statistics of component contents in surface water samples of the lotus pond (N=15)
组分 含量极小值(mg/L) 含量极大值(mg/L) 变异系数(%) 含量均值(mg/L) 《农田灌溉水质标准》 (GB 5084—2021)限值 氯 33.50 298.0 67.60 125.7 350.0 磷 40.00 280.0 68.85 100.0 - 硼 10.40 125.0 43.89 67.71 1000 六价铬 10.00 60.00 58.79 30.00 100.0 砷 3.050 20.30 60.47 8.270 50.00 铜 0.6300 4.350 49.93 1.820 500.0 镍 0.7400 3.320 42.88 1.610 - 硒 0.4600 1.700 33.35 0.8500 20.00 注：灌溉水样品中部分样品铅、锌、镉、汞指标含量低于检出限，未参与统计。“-”表示无相关结果。
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表 5 底泥-莲藕部分组分生物富集系数(BCF)
Table 5 Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of some elements in the lotus root and sediment
组分 新垦莲藕BCF值 相关产地莲藕BCF值 极小值 极大值 平均值 山东济南莲藕[29] 河南新郑莲藕[29] 湖北武汉莲藕[29] 湖北洪湖莲藕[29] 湖北汉川莲藕[29] 广西柳州莲藕[29] 浙江金华莲藕[29] 浙江余杭莲藕[29] 磷 49.23 89.49 65.67 - - - - - - - - 钾 12.06 25.15 20.42 - - - - - - - - 钙 1.746 6.872 3.214 - - - - - - - - 镁 1.653 2.985 2.330 - - - - - - - - 锌 1.459 2.477 1.931 - - - - - - - - 硒 1.012 2.502 1.700 - - - - - - - - 镉 0.5215 3.189 1.584 20.55 46.67 14.03 8.700 9.260 5.030 23.78 8.210 铜 0.8567 1.942 1.350 - - - - - - - - 汞 0.1194 0.7337 0.4497 3.440 4.970 4.580 7.200 4.670 2.420 3.230 3.550 砷 0.0522 0.6296 0.2641 1.930 6.680 5.200 3.680 2.890 2.460 4.590 3.050 铅 0.0371 1.1626 0.1928 0.1200 0.2400 0.7700 1.070 1.820 0.030 0.070 0.020 镍 0.0877 0.3470 0.1833 - - - - - - - - 铬 0.0365 0.5347 0.1711 - - - - - - - - 铁 0.0193 0.2045 0.0556 - - - - - - - - 锗 0.0293 0.0652 0.0484 - - - - - - - - 注：“-”表示无相关结果。
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