Geochemical Characteristics of Soil Selenium and Influencing Factors of Selenium Bioavailability in Rice Root Soils in Qingxi Area, Ganxian County, Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 江西赣南地区是典型的硒缺乏地理分布区，但近年来研究成果表明该地区稻谷富硒率高，土壤与稻谷富硒存在不一致的原因尚不明确，探讨土壤和稻谷硒含量特征和土壤硒的生物有效性，对赣南地区富硒土地资源利用和富硒农产品开发具有重要意义。本文以赣县清溪地区为研究对象，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱（ICP-MS/OES）等方法测定了研究区1734件表层土壤、57组稻谷及配套根系土硒等元素含量及硒形态地球化学指标；系统分析了区内土壤硒含量和分布特征、稻谷硒含量特征，探讨了根系土硒生物有效性的影响因素。结果表明：研究区表层土壤以足硒、富硒区为主，土壤硒含量与成土母岩关系密切，不同成土母岩区土壤硒含量规律为：古生代变质岩>中生代花岗岩>新元古代变质岩>中生代陆源碎屑岩>新生代第四系。根系土硒含量均未达到富硒土壤标准，稻谷富硒率为64.91%，稻谷对土壤硒的富集能力强（富集系数20.05%），当根系土硒含量≥0.25mg/kg时，水稻富硒率高达70.83%，能够稳定产出优质富硒水稻。硒的赋存形态是影响土壤硒生物有效性的主要因素，土壤总硒含量较低时，水溶态、离子可交换态、碳酸盐结合态硒的占比高，从而提升了硒的生物有效性；有机质含量低，对硒吸附能力弱，也是硒生物有效性高的重要原因。本研究认为，赣县清溪地区富硒、足硒土壤开发利用时，综合考虑土壤硒含量、土壤理化指标、硒形态对土壤硒生物有效性的影响，有利于科学指导天然富硒土地划定和富硒水稻产业开发。
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关键词:
- 土壤 /
- 硒 /
- 电感耦合等离子体质谱法 /
- 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 /
- 地球化学特征 /
- 生物有效性 /
- 影响因素
要点(1) 赣县清溪地区成土母质是土壤硒含量的主要控制因素。
(2) 揭示了研究区“土壤不富硒而稻谷富硒”现象。
(3) 土壤硒生物有效性主要受到硒赋存形态、pH值和有机质等条件影响。
HIGHLIGHTS(1) Soil parent material was the key controlling factor affecting the soil selenium content in Qingxi area, Ganxian County.
(2) The phenomenon of "selenium is not rich in soil but in rice" in the study area was revealed.
(3) The bioavailability of selenium in soil was mainly affected by the form of selenium, pH and organic matter.
Abstract:BACKGROUNDThe south of Jiangxi Province is a typical geographical distribution area of selenium deficiency. However, some research results in recent years indicate that the rice has high selenium content. The reasons for inconsistency about selenium enrichment between soil and rice is still not clear. It is important to discuss the characteristics of selenium content in soil and crops for the utilization of selenium-enriched land resources and the development of selenium-enriched agricultural products.OBJECTIVESTo understand the reasons of inconsistency about selenium content between soil and crops in Qingxi area, Ganxian County.METHODSSamples of 1734 topsoil, 57 sets of rice and corresponding root soil were collected from Qingxi area. The content of selenium and its speciation geochemistry in these samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The selenium content and distribution characteristics in soil and rice were systematically analyzed, and the influencing factors of selenium bioavailability in root soil were discussed.RESULTSThe topsoil in the area was dominated by selenium-enriched soil and selenium-sufficient soil. The selenium content in soil were closely related to soil parent rocks. The rules of soil selenium content in different parent-rock areas were as follows: Paleozoic metamorphic rocks>Mesozoic granite>Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks>Mesozoic terrigenous clastic rocks>Cenozoic quaternary. The selenium content in root soil were lower than 0.4mg/kg, and selenium-enrichment rate of rice was 64.91%, indicating that it had a high capacity to enrich selenium in the soil (enrichment coefficient was 20.05%). When the selenium content in root soil was more than 0.25mg/kg, the rate of selenium-enrichment reached up to 70.83%, and would produce high-quality selenium-enriched rice stably. The form of selenium was the main factor to influence selenium bioavailability in soil. When the content of total selenium in soil was low, water-soluble, ion-exchangeable and carbonate-bound selenium accounted for a high proportion, which enhanced the bioavailability of selenium. The weak ability of selenium adsorption by low content organic matter was also an important factor for the high bioavailability of selenium.CONCLUSIONSSelenium content in soil, soil physical and chemical index and the influence of selenium form on bioavailability of selenium in soil should be comprehensively considered when exploiting selenium-enriched soil and selenium-sufficient soil in Qingxi area, Ganxian County. It is beneficial to scientifically guide the delimitation of natural selenium-enriched land and develop selenium-enriched rice.
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图 2 研究区根系土总硒与水溶态硒、活动态硒、稳定态硒、残渣态硒的散点图
Figure 2. Scatter plots of total Se in root soil vs. water soluble Se, active Se, stable Se and residual Se in the study area
表 1 研究区不同成土母质区土壤硒含量对比
Table 1 Comparison of Se contents in soils derived from different parent rocks in the study area
成土母质 土壤硒含量范围
(mg/kg)硒平均值
(mg/kg)样品数
(件)新生代第四系 0.07~0.90 0.26 346 中生代陆源碎屑岩 0.08~0.84 0.28 262 中生代花岗岩 0.09~1.58 0.35 930 古生代变质岩 0.13~1.17 0.37 164 新元古代变质岩 0.14~0.71 0.32 26 
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表 2 研究区稻谷与根系土硒含量特征及稻谷富集系数
Table 2 Characteristics of Se contents in rice and root soil and enrichment coefficient of rice in the study area
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表 3 研究区根系土硒含量分级及其对应稻谷的富硒率与重金属超标率
Table 3 Classification of Se contents in root soil, corresponding Se-enrichment rate and heavy metal excess rate of rice in the study area
根系土硒含量水平
(mg/kg)富硒水稻样本
(件)超标水稻样本
(件)水稻样本
(件)富硒率
(%)超标率
(%)Se含量≥0.15 36 4 55 65.45 7.27 Se含量≥0.20 30 3 45 66.67 6.66 Se含量≥0.25 17 0 24 70.83 0
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表 4 研究区根系土总硒与各形态硒含量、形态比例的相关系数(n=14)
Table 4 Correlation coefficients of total Se in root soil vs. its species content and proportion in the study area
硒形态 各形态硒含量与土壤总硒的相关系数 硒形态 各形态硒比例与土壤总硒的相关系数 水溶态 0.85** 水溶态 -0.54* 离子可交换态 0.13 离子可交换态 -0.66** 碳酸盐结合态 0.06 碳酸盐结合态 -0.74** 腐植酸结合态 0.74** 腐植酸结合态 -0.09 铁锰氧化态 0.70** 铁锰氧化态 -0.64** 强有机结合态 0.84** 强有机结合态 -0.20 残渣态 0.93** 残渣态 0.40 活动态 0.52* 活动态 -0.75** 稳定态 0.99** 稳定态 0.75** 注：“**”代表在0.01水平下显著相关；“*”代表在0.05水平下显著相关。
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