云南安宁水系沉积污染物分布特征与风险评价

范晨子; 刘永兵; 赵文博; 刘成海; 袁继海; 郭威; 郝乃轩

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202103080035

云南安宁水系沉积污染物分布特征与风险评价

Pollution Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the River Sediments in Anning, Yunnan Province

摘要

摘要: 云南安宁是长江经济带上游重要的工业、矿业城市，是滇中新区经济发展和生态文明建设的支点。对安宁地区地球化学水系沉积物、水文地质等方面的调查尚停留在二十世纪七八十年代，而近年来人类生产生活对生态环境造成的影响也不明确。为揭示安宁地区水系沉积物污染状况、空间分布特征与潜在生态风险，本文以2019年采集的云南安宁地区水系表层沉积物为研究对象，利用X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、气相色谱-质谱等方法系统分析其中常量元素、微量元素和16种优先控制的多环芳烃(PAHs)含量和空间分布特征，采用地累积指数法、Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法对8种典型重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb、Hg)以及采用质量基准法对PAHs进行了生态风险评价。结果表明：①水系沉积物中的重金属含量不同程度地高于中国全国和南方水系沉积物背景值，且变异程度较高、空间分布不均，Cd、Hg和As的潜在生态风险处于中等到严重等级；②∑PAHs平均含量为20856.0ng/g，较长江流域均值显著偏高，16种单体检出率接近100%，但PAHs总体生态风险较低，石化工业和石油燃料的燃烧是PAHs主要来源；③污染物重点潜在生态风险主要集中于普渡河流域螳螂川沿岸钢铁、化工等厂矿周边。本研究结果为加强流域工业点源污染监管、减少和控制工业污水排放提供了科学依据。

Abstract:
BACKGROUNDAnning is an important industrial and mining city in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It is a fulcrum for economic development and ecological civilization construction in the Central Yunnan New Area. The investigation of geochemical water system sediments and hydrogeology in the Anning area was last performed in the 1970s and the 1980s. In recent years, the impact of human production and life on the ecological environment remains unclear.
OBJECTIVESSurface sediment samples from the Anning area were investigated to reveal their pollution status, spatial distribution characteristics, and potential ecological risks of river sediments.
METHODSX-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and other methods were used to systematically analyze the contents and distribution characteristics of major elements, trace elements, and 16 priority-controlled PAHs. Geoaccumulation index, Hankanson ecological risk index, and sediment quality criteria were used to assess the ecological risk of eight typical heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Hg) and PAHs.
RESULTSResults showed that the heavy metal content in the river sediments from the Anning area was higher than the background values of the national and southern rivers. The spatial distributions of the heavy metals were highly variable and uneven. Additionally, Cd, Hg, and Ad showed medium to severe potential ecological risks. The average content of ∑PAHs was 20856ng/g, and the detection rate of the 16 monomers was ~100%. The overall ecological risk of PAHs was low, and their main sources were petrochemical industry and combustion of petroleum fuels. The major risks of pollutants in the river sediments of the Anning area were mainly concentrated in the vicinity of steel plants and chemical factories in the Tanglangchuan River.
CONCLUSIONSThis research provides a scientific basis for local governments to strengthen key industrial point source pollution control, and reduce and control industrial sewage discharge.

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