铜铅锌混合精矿的矿物学特征分析及分离效率探究

谢海云; 柳彦昊; 纪翠翠; 晋艳玲; 张培; 田小松; 刘榕鑫

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202011220152

铜铅锌混合精矿的矿物学特征分析及分离效率探究

Mineralogical Analysis of Copper-Lead-Zinc Mixed Concentrate and Study on Separation Efficiency

摘要

摘要: 中国云南省有大量的铜铅锌多金属硫化矿资源，该类矿产资源的高效选矿分离是影响企业经济效益的主要问题之一。针对云南迪庆地区的硫化混合精矿，该混合精矿铜、铅、锌三种有价金属共存，分离难度较大，导致其产品难以销售或冶炼。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射法和矿物解离度分析（MLA）等多种检测方法，对该混合精矿的主要元素含量、矿物组成、物相组成、主要目的矿物的嵌布特性和单体解离度等进行分析研究。研究结果表明，该混合精矿的粒度较细，各矿物之间存在一定的相互连生或包裹现象，目的矿物黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的单体解离度中等偏低，为69.28%~70.56%。初步预测该混合精矿中铜、铅和锌的理论选矿分离效率依次为71.63%、62.97%和72.72%。根据实验分析结果，本文提出进一步提高该混合精矿的磨矿细度促使金属矿物充分解离，是提升铜、铅、锌各矿物选矿分离效率的关键途径。

Abstract:
BACKGROUNDThere are large amounts of copper-lead-zinc polymetallic sulfide ore resources in Yunnan Province, China, but the efficient separation of these resources remains a major problem.
OBJECTIVESTo improve the separation efficiency of valuable minerals in mixed concentrates.
METHODSIn this study, the major elemental content, phase composition, mineral composition, particle size characteristics, and monomer liberation degree of a mixed concentrate were analyzed using a variety of modern detection methods such as chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and mineral liberation analysis (MLA).
RESULTSThe results showed that the mixed concentrate had fine particles, and some minerals occurred as intergrowths or inclusions. The monomer liberation degree of the target minerals chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite was medium to low, ranging from 69.28% to 70.56%. It was preliminarily predicted that the theoretical separation efficiencies of copper, lead, and zinc in the mixed concentrate were 71.63%, 62.97% and 72.72%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONSImproving the grinding fineness of mixed concentrates to promote the full liberation of metal minerals is a key way to improve the separation efficiency of copper, lead, and zinc minerals.

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