X射线荧光光谱-X射线粉晶衍射-偏光显微镜分析12种产地铜精矿矿物学特征

闵红; 刘倩; 张金阳; 周海明; 严德天; 邢彦军; 李晨; 刘曙

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.202004020038

X射线荧光光谱-X射线粉晶衍射-偏光显微镜分析12种产地铜精矿矿物学特征

Study on the Mineralogical Characteristics of 12 Copper Concentrates by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, X-ray Powder Diffraction and Polarization Microscope

摘要

摘要: 我国是世界上最大的铜精矿进口国，研究不同产地铜精矿的矿物学特征，能支撑铜精矿原产地分析及相关固体废物属性鉴定。本文研究对象为来自8个国家12个矿区的进口铜精矿样品，采用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）以及偏光显微镜进行综合分析，探寻这些矿区铜精矿的元素组成、矿物组合特征，探讨不同成因类型铜精矿的矿物学差异。X射线荧光光谱分析表明铜精矿样品主要元素为Cu、Fe、S、O，普遍含有Zn、Si、Al、Mg、Ca、Pb；X射线粉晶衍射物相分析表明铜精矿样品主要物相为黄铜矿，其次常含有黄铁矿和闪锌矿等物相；偏光显微镜光片鉴定表明铜精矿样品金属矿物中黄铜矿的含量在88%~98%之间，观察到黄铜矿与闪锌矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿共生，闪锌矿与斑铜矿、砷黝铜矿共生，黄铜矿、砷黝铜矿和斑铜矿共生等连生体矿相。结合铜精矿不同成矿类型分析表明，斑岩型、矽卡岩型、火山成因块状硫化型铜矿床样品中常见黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿，并分别含有黑云母、草酸钙石、硫酸铅特征矿物；铁氧化物铜金矿床样品主要矿物为黄铜矿，常见磁黄铁矿、滑石特征矿物。通过本文采用多种技术表征不同产地铜精矿样品元素含量、物相组成、矿相组成的差异，能够全面分析不同产地铜精矿样品的矿物学特征，对进口铜精矿的风险识别和管控具有重要意义。

Abstract:
BACKGROUNDChina is the largest importer of copper concentrate in the world. Studying the mineralogical characteristics of copper concentrates imported from different origins can be used to support the origin analysis and solid waste identification of copper concentrates.
OBJECTIVESTo investigate the elemental composition and mineral assemblage characteristics of imported copper concentrates from different mining areas, and to discuss the mineralogical differences of copper concentrates of different genetic types.
METHODSThe copper concentrates imported from different mining areas were comprehensively analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and polarized microscopy (PM).
RESULTSX-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed that the main elements of the copper concentrates were Cu, Fe, S, O with minor Zn, Si, Al, Mg, Ca, Pb. X-ray powder diffraction phase analysis showed that the main phase of the copper concentrate sample was chalcopyrite, followed by pyrite and sphalerite. Polarization microscope showed that the content of chalcopyrite in copper concentrates was between 88% and 98%, and it was found that chalcopyrite was associated with sphalerite, pyrite and pyrrhotite, and that sphalerite was associated with bornite, arsenotetrahedrite. Chalcopyrite, arsenotetrahedrite and bornite form intergrowths. Combining the analysis of different genetic types of copper concentrates, samples of porphyry, skarn and VMS deposits were composed of chalcopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite with respective special minerals of biotite, weddellite and lead anglesite. The main minerals of the IOCG deposit samples were chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and talc.
CONCLUSIONSThrough the combination of XRF, XRD and PM, the elemental content and phase composition of copper concentrate samples were characterized. The mineralogical characteristics of copper concentrate samples from different origins have been more comprehensively analyzed, which is of great significance for risk identification and control of imported copper concentrates.

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