典型浅层孔隙水和岩溶水中多环芳烃分布特征

徐蓉桢; 刘菲; 荆继红; 安子怡; 邹胜章

doi:10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201801120004

典型浅层孔隙水和岩溶水中多环芳烃分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Typical Shallow Pore Water and Karst Water

摘要

摘要: 近几年多环芳烃（PAHs）在地下水中的检出报道逐渐增多，但关于我国主要水文地质单元地下水中PAHs的研究匮乏。为研究不同水文地质条件地下水中PAHs分布特征，本文在华北平原、珠江三角洲平原及西南岩溶区采集浅层孔隙地下水和岩溶地下水样品共82组，使用气相色谱-质谱仪进行测试，采取统计学方法对比分析各区PAHs的检出率、浓度和组成。结果表明：检测的16种PAHs，每种PAH至少在一个样品中被检出，检出率最高的是（䓛）（6.10%），检出浓度最大的是萘（5.41 μg/L），仅苯并（a）芘超过《地下水水质标准》Ⅲ类水限值，超标率为2.44%。地下水中PAHs以2~4环为主，但三个研究区存在差异，北方孔隙水4环PAHs的相对比例（52.48%）较高；南方孔隙水与西南岩溶水分别是3环（56.60%）、2环（95.66%）PAHs占优。北方孔隙水PAHs主要是燃烧源，南方孔隙水PAHs来源与珠江三角洲产业布局相关，西南岩溶水PAHs则主要受大气降水影响。PAHs在各区检出差异与其理化性质、区域水文地质条件、污染源和气象水文等因素有关。研究结果可为我国地下水PAHs污染监测和地下水相关标准制定提供基础支撑。

Abstract:
BACKGROUNDIn recent years, reports of the detection of PAHs in groundwater have gradually increased, but research on PAHs in groundwater of major hydrogeological units in China is not being conducted.
OBJECTIVESTo study and compare the distribution characteristics of PAHs in groundwater under different hydrogeological conditions, using a total of 82 samples of shallow pore water and Karst groundwater samples collected in the Huabei plain, the Pearl River Delta plain, and the Southwestern Karst area.
METHODSGas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to test PAHs in groundwater samples, and statistical methods were used to compare the detection frequency, concentration and composition of PAHs in the three different areas.
RESULTS16 PAHs were detected and each PAH was detected in at least one sample. The highest detection rate of PAHs was chrysene (6.10%). The PAH with the highest concentration was naphthalene (5.41 μg/L). Only the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene exceeded the Class Ⅲ limit in the standard for groundwater quality, and the over-standard rate was 2.44%. The PAHs in groundwater are mainly 2-4 rings, but the composition of PAHs in the three regions was different. The relative proportion of 4-rings PAHs in the northern pore water was high, accounting for 52.48%, whereas the pore water in the South and the Karst water in the Southwest were dominated by 3-rings (56.60%) and 2-rings (95.66%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONSThe main cause of contamination of PAHs in Northern pore water was by combustion. The PAHs contamination in the Southern pore water was related to the industrial layout of the Pearl River Delta, whereas the PAHs of Qujing Karst water were mainly affected by atmospheric precipitation. The detection differences of PAHs in different districts were related to their physicochemical properties, hydrogeological conditions, pollution sources, meteorological and hydrological factors. The results provide basic data support for groundwater PAHs pollution monitoring and the formulation of a groundwater related standard in China.

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