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利用扫描电镜和能谱技术研究四川会理铂钯矿床中的铂族矿物特征及铂族元素赋存状态

Application of SEM and EDS to Analyze the Occurrence of Platinum Group Elements and Characteristics of Platinum Group Minerals in the Pt-Pd Deposit from Huili, Sichuan Province, China

  • 摘要: 四川会理铂钯矿床是独立的铂族元素矿床,局部地段的铂钯含量已达工业品位,当前迫切需要详细掌握铂族矿物和铂族元素赋存状态。由于原矿铂族元素品位总体较低,采用化学分析方法分析测试只能间接研究铂族元素的赋存状态,所得结论并不全面。本文结合化学分析方法的测试结果,利用扫描电镜及能谱获得了会理铂钯矿床铂族矿物的精细特征。结果表明:该矿床中铂族元素主要是铂和钯;铑、铱、钌、锇含量很低,且未发现这四种元素的独立矿物。铂和钯有单质和与砷、碲、锑、铋形成的化合物;独立铂族矿物有17种,主要是自然铂、砷铂矿、砷钯铂矿或砷铂钯矿、钯铂铜矿或铂钯铜矿,其次可见少量承铂矿及其他铂族矿物。铂族矿物嵌布状态有两种——被包裹和粒间,被包裹占52.39%,粒间占47.62%。绝大多数铂族矿物呈他形粒状,只有少量砷铂矿晶形较好。铂族矿物粒径范围为1.36~32.7 μm,大小差异大。有的铂族矿物表面具微孔结构,有的呈葡萄状,有的可见环边现象。接触方式以曲线接触为主,直线接触次之。这些信息为该矿床矿石选冶和铂族资源评价提供了科学依据。

     

    Abstract: The Huili Pt-Pd deposit in Sichuan Province is an independent platinum element ore deposit. In some ore sections, the contents of Pt and Pd have reached industrial grade. It is necessary to understand the occurrence of platinum group elements and characteristics of platinum group minerals. However, due to the low-grade platinum group elements (PGEs) in raw ore, chemical analysis is an indirect research method for the occurrence of platinum group elements, and the conclusion is thus not complete. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were used to observe the inbuilt state, particle size, morphology characteristics, and the occurrence of the platinum group minerals. Results show that the PGEs in the deposit are mainly composed of pure Pt and Pd. The contents of Rh, Ir, Ru, and Os are very low, and the independent minerals composed of these four elements are undetected. Pt and Pd can exist in the form of simple substance elements and compounds with As, Te, Sb, Bi. There were 17 kinds of platinum group minerals, including Pt, As-Pt, As-Pd-Pt/As-Pt-Pd, and Pd-Pt-Cu/Pt-Pd-Cu. The pure Pt and the remaining Pt group minerals are found locally. The platinum group minerals have two kinds of inbuilt states, wrapped (52.39%) and intergranular (47.62%). Crystals of platinum group minerals are mainly xenomorphic granular, 1.36-32.7 μm, with a large range of particle sizes. The micropore structure, grapy structure and girdle zone can be found in some mineral crystals. The contact mode is mainly curve contact, followed by linear contact. These results provide a scientific basis for the platinum group minerals in beneficiation-metallurgy and resource evaluation.

     

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